A tributary system centered round China had long existed in East Asia.
东亚地区长期存在着一个以中国为核心的封贡体系国际秩序。
The tributary system is one of the main patterns reflecting the Sino-foreign relations in ancient China.
朝贡制度是古代中国对外交往的主要模式之一。
The tributary system will be referred to more than once below, and we will also return to the practice of seaborne trade.
下面将不止一次地提到朝贡体系，我们也应回到海上运输这个话题上来。
Mr Anderson looks in on the extraordinary, tiny world of the tributary system within the Arctic ice, formed by trickles of briny water which gets squeezed as it freezes.
安德森细致考察了北极冰上特异而微小的支流系统，这些支流由咸水的细流组成，一旦结冰，就几乎断流。
Jacques argues that something like the tributary system that existed in the past can be re-created, but that system applied mainly to China's nearer and smaller neighbours.
雅克认为类似于过去附属国的体制可能会重现，但是这种体制主要体现在中国临近的和较小的邻国。
However, in the Late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, because the Central Plains confusion, this Tributary system took place great changes, showing a complex state.
但是，到了唐末五代时期，由于中原纷乱，这种通贡模式发生了很大的变化，呈现出了错综复杂的状态。
Tributary system once was one of the main forms of institutions concerning the Central dynasties' relationship with frontier ethnic groups or foreign states in China 'ancient history.
朝贡制度曾是中国历代王朝处理民族关系和对外关系的主要模式之一。
After the Russo-Japanese War, East Asian international system finally transformed the traditional tributary system into the modern transformation of the imperialist colonial system altogether.
日俄战争后，东亚国际体系最终完成了从传统朝贡体系向近代帝国主义殖民体系的彻底转型。
After the Russo-Japanese War, East Asian international system finally transformed the traditional tributary system into the modern transformation of the imperialist colonial system altogether.
日俄战争后，东亚国际体系最终完成了从传统朝贡体系向近代帝国主义殖民体系的彻底转型。
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