However, there is different knowledge about the effect of presumption of causality on allocation of burden of proof in the theoretic and practical field.
然而，理论界和实务界对于这种推定因果关系在证明责任分配上的效力，却存在不同的认识。
Considering from judicial practice, presumption is an indispensable means of proof for satisfying the needs of court operating.
从司法实践层面上看，推定是满足法院运用需要的、不可或缺的证明手段。
Actually, Presumption not only results from the experience and logical rule, but also is restricted by the elements of value. So, it agrees with the real law standards of proof.
事实上推定不仅根植于经验常识和逻辑规则，它还受到价值因素的制约，所以与司法证明的法律真实标准是有着契合之处。
The burden of proof of holding type crimes is a presumption essentially ;
持有型犯罪的证明责任，从根本上说是一种推定；
If the presumption of knowledge is restrained by institution of negative proof, it will be applied to the full, and its defects of nature will be restricted to the great extent as well.
明知推定受到反证制度的约束，将得到充分运用，其自身存在的缺陷也将得到最大限度的抑制。
Presumption is one of the most important methods of judicatory proof, which relates to reasoning and inference very closely.
推定是司法证明的重要方法之一，其与推理和推论是相互联系、相互依存的。
During the criminal procedure, criminal presumption is an important method in identifying the case, which to some extent mitigates the difficulty of Public Prosecutor's proof.
在刑事诉讼中，刑事推定是认定案件事实的一种重要方法，在某种程度上减轻了控方证明的难度。
Res ipsa loquitur does not normally entail a presumption of the defendant's fault, nor a shift in the burden of proof.
事实自证制度通常并不涉及对被告过错的推定，也不必定导致举证责任的倒置。
The fact that the application of the presumption the burden of proof is bound to have an impact is mainly reflected in the transfer of the subjective burden of proof.
事实推定的适用必然对证明责任产生影响，主要体现在主观证明责任的转移。
The fact that the application of the presumption the burden of proof is bound to have an impact is mainly reflected in the transfer of the subjective burden of proof.
事实推定的适用必然对证明责任产生影响，主要体现在主观证明责任的转移。
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