AIM: To establish the experimental acute pulmonary embolism (APE) model and observe the left and right ventricular pressure-volume relationship in different overload situations.
目的：建立急性肺栓塞(ape)动物模型，探讨急性肺栓塞时左右心室压力容量关系变化。
It is well known that when gas is cooled at a constant pressure its volume decreases.
众所周知，当气体在定压下冷却时，它的体积减小。
We're not going to have the constant pressure heat capacity, but the constant volume heat capacity.
我们将不会具有恒定的压力热容量，而是具有恒定的体积热容量。
It relates the pressure, volume, and temperature together.
它把压强、体积、温度联系在一起。
Most processes that we're concerned with will happen with something held constant like pressure or temperature or volume.
我们关心的大多数过程都是在保持压强、温度或体积不变的情况下发生的。
Varicose veins are really just swollen veins and are caused by increased blood volume and pressure on the legs and feet.
静脉曲张其实就是肿胀的静脉，这是由腿部和脚部的血量增加和压力引起的。
You know how pressure changes with temperature at constant volume if you know the equation of state.
如果你知道状态方程，知道在体积恒定的时压强如何随着温度变化。
These two relations involving entropy are also useful because they'll let us see how entropy depends on volume and pressure.
这两个涉及熵的关系也非常有用，因为他们告诉我们，熵和体积，压强的关系。
OK, now what we'd like to do is be able to calculate any of these quantities in terms of temperature, pressure, volume properties.
现在我们想要做的是能够利用，温度，压强和体积的性质，计算上面的物理量。
There's other volume, temperature and pressure here, corresponding to this system here.
温度等状态函数有本质区别，这个状态有一组，确定的体积，温度与压强。
But now, what happens if, instead we look at what happens when we go to some state one to some other state two and it's the pressure. Or the volume, that changes.
但是现在，我们看看如果，我们关系从状态一变化到状态二时，体积或者压强发生变化。
When blood volume goes down, blood pressure goes down.
当血容量减少时血压也会随之降低。
When your body retains sodium, blood volume increases and blood pressure rises.
身体保留钠时，血液容量增加，同时血压上升。
So, you do this measurement, you measure with the gas, you measure the pressure and the molar volume.
现在让压强趋于，现在测量气体的压强，和摩尔体积。
It just CARES that you know the pressure, the volume, the temperature, or any couple variables.
它只取决于压强，体积，温度这些量。
Now, if this is an ideal gas, we know that pressure is equal to nRT over volume.
如果这是一个理想气体系统，我们知道压强等于nRT除以体积。
Based on international standards set out by the ISO,12 these include tests which establish bursting volume and pressure, and detect holes and other visible defects.
基于ISO的国际标准，这些检测包括建立适合的容量和压力，检查是否有孔洞和其他可见的缺陷。
So I need, well the pressure is constant, but there's a change in volume.
压强不变，体积变化。
If you want to write a function that describes this line here, it's pressure as a function of volume related to each other with this constant.
如果要写出描述这条等温线的方程，它的压强和体积，就通过常数C相联系起来。
So we're going to start with a mole of gas, V at some pressure, some volume, T temperature and some mole so V, doing it per mole, and we're going to do two paths here.
假设有1摩尔气体，具有一点的压强p，体积，温度，我们将让它，经过两条不同的路径。
，pressure，up，here，is，a，derivative，of，A，with，respect，to，volume。
You can get thepressure from the fact that the p So you take thederivativeofAwithrespecttovolumehere.
In other words, what matters here in changing the pressure volume product?
换句话说，在改变压强和体积的乘积时，发生了什么？
For instance, the pressure and the temperature, or the volume and the pressure.
比如压强和温度，或体积和压强。
It has a particular pressure and a particular volume.
它有一个压强和体积。
You just need a few macroscopic variables that are very familiar to you, like the pressure, the temperature, the volume, the number of moles of each component, the mass of the system.
你只需要某些你非常熟悉的宏观变量，比如压强，温度，体积，每个组分的摩尔数，系统的质量。
This is the pressure times the volume RT equals the number of moles times RT.
即压强乘以体积等于，摩尔数乘以。
We're going to drop the pressure, the volume is going to go up.
我们会降低压强，体积就会变大。
And the cycle it's going to undertake is called a Carnot cycle, and it works the following way: we're going to do pressure volume work.
它的循环过程，叫做卡诺循环，过程如下：，这是个压强体积系统。
And the cycle it's going to undertake is called a Carnot cycle, and it works the following way: we're going to do pressure volume work.
它的循环过程，叫做卡诺循环，过程如下：，这是个压强体积系统。
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