The researchers examined urine samples from the subjects and tried to figure out if a biologic marker known as NNAL could predict cases of lung cancer.
研究人员对受试者的尿样进行了检测，试图寻找一种叫做NNAL的生物标记，这种标记可以看作是肺癌的前兆。
Studies have found that laboratory animals with high concentrations of NNAL had higher rates of lung cancer, but its effect in humans has not been clear.
研究发现，高浓度NNAL的实验室动物有较高的肺癌发病率，但它对人类的影响尚不清楚。
It releases into your body when you inhale smoke, quickly passes through the liver, gets metabolized and releases NNAL, a byproduct of NNK, into the bloodstream.
当你吸烟时，它会在身体里扩散，迅速穿过肝脏代谢并释放出NNAL，然后产生NNK，进入血液。
As part of the formula, they measured a biological marker, total NNAL, which indicates the amount of exposure to the tobacco-specific lung cancer-causing agent NNK.
作为公式的一部分，他们测定了生物标记物——总nnal含量，它能够反应烟草特异致肺癌成分nnk的含量。
The team, which included researchers at the National University of Singapore and the Shanghai Cancer Institute, divided NNAL urine levels into low, medium and high categories.
该研究小组包括新加坡国立大学及上海癌症研究所的研究人员，将尿中NNAL水平分为低、中和高三类。
Results indicated that the average level of NNAL for reducers was more than twice that of light smokers, even when the two groups smoked about the same number of cigarettes per day.
结果显示，减少吸烟量的受试者NNAL平均值是轻度吸烟者的2倍多，尽管这两组受试者每天的吸烟量大致相同。
After accounting for number of cigarettes smoked per day, they found people who had medium levels of NNAL had a 43 percent higher risk of lung cancer than those in the lowest levels.
在考虑了每天的吸烟数量后，他们发现中等水平NNAL的人比低水平的人患肺癌的风险要高43%。
While the researchers point out that not everyone who has a high level of NNAL is going to develop lung cancer, it does help assign a number to a risk that was hard to quantify before.
研究人员指出，不是每个身体中含大量NNAL的人都会得肺癌，它只是加大了患肺癌的风险。
They also hypothesize that it might not be enough simply to stop smoking in the presence of babies, since NNAL and nicotine could potentially cling to dust and the surfaces of household objects.
研究人员还说，父母光做到婴儿在场时不吸烟可能还不够，因为NNAL和尼古丁有可能会附着在灰尘和家居用品的表面。
They also hypothesize that it might not be enough simply to stop smoking in the presence of babies, since NNAL and nicotine could potentially cling to dust and the surfaces of household objects.
研究人员还说，父母光做到婴儿在场时不吸烟可能还不够，因为NNAL和尼古丁有可能会附着在灰尘和家居用品的表面。
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