And they found that the plants that bounce back after clipping boost their DNA content-some of their cells go from having 10 chromosomes to having 320.
他们发现，那些受损后迅速恢复的植物dna含量暴增——其中一些原本只有10个染色体细胞，已经拥有了320个染色体。
They include constraints imposed "from below" by physics and chemistry, that is, from molecular interactions upwards, through genes, chromosomes, cells, tissues and organisms.
包括来自于“底层”的物理和化学因素，也就是分子间的作用，影响了上层的基因、染色体、细胞、组织和生物体。
And the size of the nucleus needed to contain all those chromosomes may make those cells bigger and bigger cells means a bigger plant.
细胞核增大以容纳暴增的染色体，相应地细胞也会增大，更大的细胞意味着更大的植株。
They targeted the chromosomes that reside within the nuclei of all cells, and specifically telomeres, caps at the tips of chromosomes.
他们的目标是染色体居住在所有细胞的细胞核，特别是在端粒、帽尖的染色体。
The differentiations of cell require stable extracellular setting, intercellular communication and intracellular matrix, which jointly ensure the specific spatial structure of chromosomes in cells.
细胞分化状态的维持需要细胞外环境、细胞与细胞之间信息交流及其细胞内环境等共同作用，从而保证分化细胞染色体的特定空间结构。
Telomerase activation is essential for the stabilization of chromosomes in proliferation cells, leading to cellular immortality and oncogenesis.
端粒酶激活可以维持增殖细胞染色体的稳定性，导致细胞永生化和肿瘤发生。
Conclusion Automobile exhausts could break the balance between oxidative system and anti oxidative system and damage chromosomes of cells.
结论汽车尾气可导致机体氧化与抗氧化系统平衡紊乱；并能引起细胞染色体损伤。
The ultrastructure of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) in BK cells and the CHO metaphase chromosomes (the PCC inducer) were studied with cell fusion technique and SEM.
应用细胞融合技术和扫描电镜研究了BK(牛肾)细胞早熟凝集染色体(PCC)和诱导PCC的CHO中期染色体的超微结构。
If these tangles, which are a natural consequence of the DNA copying process, are left unresolved the chromosomes cannot be separated and sent to the two nascent daughter cells.
如果这些染色体复制过程的自然结果所造成的纠结没有被解开，染色体就不能被分离并送到两个子细胞中。
The results give a further confirmation that the chromosome fragment rate and mini-nucleus rate could be used as a reliable index to determine the effects of irradiation on chromosomes in cells.
分析结果进一步肯定了断片率、微核率可以作为测定细胞染色体辐射效应的一个可靠指标。
Cells have repair mechanisms that constantly fix this damage, but when the repair process breaks down, chromosomes become unstable and cancers are more likely to develop.
细胞有不断修复这些破坏的机制，但一旦修复机制被破坏，染色体就变得不稳定，癌疹就有可能发生。
It can be used to microdissect chromosomes, to collect the chromosome segments, to fuse the selected pairs of cells and to change the behavious of cells and organelles.
光钳和微束系统可用来切割染色体，收集染色体片段，融合细胞以及改变细胞和细胞器的行为。
The chromosomes in root tip cells of Trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata Raf. )and Ichang papeda(Citrus ichangensis Swingle)were observed by enzymic maceration technique.
用酶解法观察了枳和宜昌橙根尖细胞的染色体。
The cells whose chromosomes were dispersed well and in metaphase were selected, and number of chromosomes was counted, and then the morphology of chromosomes was observed.
选择染色体分散良好，无重叠的分散中期的细胞进行记数，观察染色体形态。
Results During long term cultivation, the population doubling time of the cells became shorter and the percentage of aneuploidy chromosomes and colonies grown in soft AGAR increased.
结果卵圆细胞在培养过程中倍增时间逐渐缩短，非整倍体染色体数目增加，在软琼脂中生长的克隆增多。
To find out, researchers in the Cleveland lab created and analyzed mouse models with cells having a highly variable number of chromosomes to discover if such aneuploidy made the mice more tumor-prone.
Cleveland教授实验室的研究者建立染色体数目有明显变异的小鼠模型，并分析该非整倍体小鼠模型是否更容易罹患肿瘤。
Patients whose tumour cells contain an incorrect number of chromosomes have worse survival as this can lead to cancer evolution and drug resistance.
病人的肿瘤细胞含有不正确染色体数量具有较差的生存率，因为这可导致致癌的症进展和耐药性。
For example, patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, a blood cancer, nearly always have swapped pieces of chromosomes 9 and 22 in their cancer cells.
例如，慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia)是一种血细胞癌症，其癌细胞中总会发生9号染色体与22号染色体之间部分的交换。
AML will strike an estimated 10,000 Americans this year, and about 45 percent of those will have cancer cells with normal-looking chromosomes.
据估计今年将有1万美国人罹患aml, 45%患者的癌细胞带有正常样子的染色体。
The result showed that the growth of cells was restricted obviously after the treatment and the chromosomes was affected at a certain level.
结果表明：不同污染程度的废水均能使细胞的生长受到明显的抑制，对染色体产生不同程度的影响；
Dr Noggle and Dr Egli were then able to create pluripotent stem cells from their tiny embryo-but these had chromosomes both from the egg and the skin cell, making them useless for therapy.
之后，DrNoggle和DrEgli就能从这个小胚胎细胞得到多能干细胞-但这一细胞即拥有卵细胞又拥有表皮细胞的染色体，所以还不能用于医疗用途。
It achieves this pruning by inducing the cells to make proteins that essentially destroy the cell from within-such as by hacking to pieces cellular proteins and the chromosomes in the nucleus.
而为了清除这些细胞，动物体会诱导它们产生一些从内部摧毁细胞的蛋白质，能分解细胞质中的其他蛋白质，或将染色体切碎。
It achieves this pruning by inducing the cells to make proteins that essentially destroy the cell from within-such as by hacking to pieces cellular proteins and the chromosomes in the nucleus.
而为了清除这些细胞，动物体会诱导它们产生一些从内部摧毁细胞的蛋白质，能分解细胞质中的其他蛋白质，或将染色体切碎。
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