From psychological view points, kinds of association include correlated association, similar association, contrary association, causal association.
从心理学角度看，联想思维的种类无非是：相关（接近）联想、相似联想、相反（对比）联想、因果联想。
Extensive studies and data analysis of influenza vaccines have only found a well established causal association with the 1976 vaccine that contained an H1N1 swine-influenza-like virus.
经由对流感病毒的进一步研究和数据分析，只发现在1976年含有类似于H1N1病毒的疫苗存在一例具有完整因果联系的案例。
At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence.
DNA和智力之间最多只存在着微弱的统计关联，而不是因果关系。
We would want to see this association replicated in other cohorts before we attribute a causal relationship to it.
在我们把它归结为因果联系前我们想知道与不同群体间的联系。
So, while the evidence is mounting that if you have migraine with aura, you are at increased risk of having a P.F.O. (and vice versa), there is no firm evidence that this association is causal.
所以，即便存在证据表明患有先兆偏头痛的病人有较高风险患有P.F.O.（反之亦然），也没有确定的证据能够说明两者存在因果关系。
The human studies all are observational, showing only an association between cellphone use and cancer, not a causal relationship.
在人类身上做的研究都是观测性的。结果表明，使用手机与癌症有一定联系，但不是因果关系。
In fact, the National Cattleman's Beef Association says the scientific evidence does not support a causal relationship between red meat or processed meat and cancer.
事实上，美国农场主牛肉协会表示科学证据并不支持红色的肉和加工肉类与癌症之间的因果关系。
Lumbar Puncture and Dural Sinus Thrombosis - a Causal or Casual Association?
腰椎穿刺与硬脑膜窦血栓形成-一种偶然还是必然的联系？
Lumbar Puncture and Dural Sinus Thrombosis - a Causal or Casual Association?
腰椎穿刺与硬脑膜窦血栓形成-一种偶然还是必然的联系？
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