From psychological view points, kinds of association include correlated association, similar association, contrary association, causal association.

从心理学角度看，联想思维的种类无非是：相关（接近）联想、相似联想、相反（对比）联想、因果联想。

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Extensive studies and data analysis of influenza vaccines have only found a well established causal association with the 1976 vaccine that contained an H1N1 swine-influenza-like virus.

经由对流感病毒的进一步研究和数据分析，只发现在1976年含有类似于H1N1病毒的疫苗存在一例具有完整因果联系的案例。

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At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence.

DNA 和智力之间最多只存在着微弱的统计关联，而不是因果关系。

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First, as Dr. Goodall makes pains to point out, this study does not advocate a causal association between physician-led hospitals and their performance.

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As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as robust as might be desirable) and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship.

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