There was no obvious oscillation mark on the billet surface. The average steel production of a copper tube was 3700 ton.
铸坯表面质量良好，单根铜管的平均过钢量为3700吨。
Cai Kaike takes the billet surface reheating into account, and establishes a heat transfer and elastic-plastic stress model.
蔡开科考虑铸坯温度回升，建立了铸坯热-弹-塑性应力模型。
In the cross section of square billet, the shrinkage values in the center of billet surface and billet corner are obviously bigger than that in the off-corner.
在方坯横截面上，铸坯表面中心和角部的收缩量明显大于偏角部。
The friction between billet and mold is an effective parameter reflecting billet surface quality, optimizing technologic parameters and predicting breaking out.
连铸坯与结晶器间摩擦力是反映铸坯表面质量、优化工艺参数和进行拉漏预报的有效参数。
Extruding velocity, temperature of billet and container, die roughness and the chemical composition of the billet are the major factors which affect the surface quality of the extruded product.
挤压速度、挤压毛坯的温度、型腔温度、模具的表面粗糙度以及挤压毛坯的化学成分是影响热挤压件表面质量的主要因素。
Types of and causes for the surface defects of the CC round billet for pipe - rolling with mandrel mill are analyzed, and quality improvement measures proposed.
简要分析了连铸连轧圆管坯表面缺陷的类别和形成原因，提出了改进圆管坯质量的措施。
Compared it with conventional billet, billet cast with high frequency electromagnetic field, on which depth of surface oscillation mark was decreased remarkably, had a smooth surface.
施加高频电磁场的铸坯与传统连铸坯相比，表面振动痕深度明显减小，且表面光滑。
The formation of billet internal cracks, surface cracks, the dark belly and centres segregation defects has close ties with cooling.
连铸坯内部裂纹、表面裂纹、鼓肚和中心偏析等缺陷的形成都与冷却有着紧密的联系。
However, the deformation is more uniform with regard to billet in contact with the work surface of punch, material thickness decreases less, therefore, the purpose of calibration has been reached.
而与模具工作表面相接触的管坯，其变形则较为均匀，材料壁厚减薄较小，达到扩径整形的目的。
Though infrared thermoscope is used to detect the temperature of billet when it is taken out of the stove, precision is still affected because of the oxide layer on the surface.
尽管钢材出炉时，可用红外线测温仪来进行钢材表面温度检测，但因钢材表面存在氧化层，也影响钢材温度检测精度。
By the analysis of cut piece of billet C12200, a new view is put forward for tube surface bubble of phosphorous copper in the extrusion.
通过对C12200铸锭的切片分析，提出挤压过程含磷类管材表面起泡的新见解。
Not only the application of clamp machine advance work efficiency of stock working procedure, it is provided with the function on checking up surface quality of billet material.
钢坯夹持机的应用不但可提高备料工序的工作效率，同时还具备检验钢坯表面质量的功能。
The die surface is represented by the Ferguson surface with tension parameter through transverse sections of product and billet, so it is universal and flexible.
模具曲面用通过毛坯和型材截面的带张力参数的弗格森曲面表示，具有通用和曲面形状变化丰富的特点。
In the upsetting process, it is easy to form drum shape on the side surface of the cylindrical billet, which has puzzled the practical manufacturing for a long time.
镦粗过程中，圆柱坯料易在侧表面形成鼓形，这一问题长期困扰着实际生产。
Triangle crack, linearity crack and slag eye are main form of surface wrapped slag in continuously cast billet.
三角口裂纹、直线裂纹和渣孔是连铸坯表面夹渣的主要表现形式。
The study shows that the primary defects on the round billet used for piercing are the sources of screwy surface cracks.
试验结果表明，穿管坯料上存在的原始缺陷是产生螺旋裂纹的内在因素。
The study shows that the primary defects on the round billet used for piercing are the sources of screwy surface cracks.
试验结果表明，穿管坯料上存在的原始缺陷是产生螺旋裂纹的内在因素。
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