这些因素包括市场的特征、各种规定、会计标准和评级机构等。
These factors include market characteristics, regulations, accounting standards, and rating agencies.
评级机构的这种行为对养老金和保险公司等机构投资者的影响最大，因为它们通常受到限制，只能购买高评级债券。
Such practices impact institutional buyers like pensions and insurers, which are often restricted to buying highly rated debt.
危机发生后，美国、欧盟等通过立法手段对在危机中遭受质疑的信用评级机构加强监管。
After the crisis, the United States, European Union and other countries strengthened the regulation of credit rating agencies which was challenged in the crisis by using legislative measures.
通过保持信用评级机构的独立性，严格控制信用评级机构的数量，建立健全信用评级相关的法规等措施完善社会信用评级体系。
The system of credit valuing must been improved by holding the enterprises' independence, controlling the right of entering the market, founding the pertinent regulations of credit valuing.
但是，随着评级机构日益深入地参与到金融证券化的过程中，不可避免的利益冲突使其中立性、客观性等在一定程度上有所缺失。
However, the neutrality and objectivity of the system is damaged by their unavoidable conflict of interests as credit rating agencies get involved in the financial securitization over the time.
总部设在多伦多的多美年债券评级服务机构（DOMINION BOND RATING SERVICE）一等就是13年。
Toronto-based Dominion Bond Rating Service had to wait 13 years.
总部设在多伦多的多美年债券评级服务机构（DOMINION BOND RATING SERVICE）一等就是13年。
Toronto-based Dominion Bond Rating Service had to wait 13 years.
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