观测宇宙学的终极目标，是建构宇宙的完整历史，对于宇宙最早由次原子粒子所构成的无形气体，提供清晰连贯的图像。
The ultimate goal of observational cosmology is to capture the entire history of the universe, providing a seamless picture of our descent from a shapeless gas of subatomic particles.
简述目前超弦理论中比较受到研究者较多关注的几个方向，特别是超弦宇宙学以及观测宇宙学的最新进展对理论提出的挑战。
A few active directions in string theory are described in this paper, in particular, string cosmology and challenges to theorists posed by recent results in observational cosmology.
还有许多别的观测证据暗示需要宇宙学常数存在。
There are a number of other observations that are suggestive of the need for a cosmological constant.
本论文利用近期宇宙学观测对参数化暗能量状态方程和减速因子进行了限制。
Furthermore, the parameterized equations of state of dark energy and the deceleration parameters are constrained from recent observations.
在将通常的宇宙学参数用额外维度的标度因子表示后，讨论了这些参数的取值，从而得出和观测相一致的结果。
Finally, we discuss the cosmological parameters expressed by scale factor of extra dimensions and get the results consistent with the observational data.
当代天文学的一系列观测事实都支持应该存在一个非零的正的宇宙学常数 。
The physical origin of the cosmological constant is considered to be one of the most difficult and important problems in modern physics.
当代天文学的一系列观测事实都支持应该存在一个非零的正的宇宙学常数 。
The physical origin of the cosmological constant is considered to be one of the most difficult and important problems in modern physics.
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