第二章主要是关于美国利益集团的基本概念及利益表达形式的内容，是以后各章分析的前提准备。
Charpter 2 is preparation of the followings, discussing American interest group" s influence mode on American political sections."
正如在美国，实施碳排放量削减将打破那些强大的利益集团，其中之一就是化石燃料能源生产。
Just as in America, implementing carbon-emissions cuts will upset powerful interest groups: fossil-fuel-energy producers, for one.
像opensecrets.org这种网站，公布了一连串的数据表明美国公司、工业和利益集团花在游说和从事选举活动的费用。
Websites such as opensecrets.org publish a torrent of data showing how much American companies, industries and interest groups spend on lobbying and electioneering.
同时，在他们商业利益集团压力下，欧洲和美国还以全球最大游戏规则制定者的身份出现。
Meanwhile, under pressure from their business lobbies, Europe and America have also emerged as the two places with the biggest stake in setting global regulatory standards.
为了让财政重归正轨，我们必须削减支出，但我们也必须消除留给特殊利益集团的税收漏洞，让美国的富裕阶层也承担他们应当的税赋。
To get our fiscal house in order, we must cut spending, but we must also close tax loopholes for special interests and ask the wealthiest Americans to pay their fair share.
这位美国海军上将确信军事力量将在这个地区扮演重要角色 -但主要是协助专家们开展工作，而这些专家却由商业或其他利益集团驱动。
The US naval admiral believes military forces have an important role to play in the area – but mainly for specialist assistance around commercial and other interests.
然而，美国强大的糖业利益集团和游说团体对此表示强烈反对，并强调要保障国产糖的利益。
America’s powerful sugar lobby is vehemently opposed, and cites the security of the home-grown supply.
我不希望美国的选举由美国最有权势的利益集团所支配，更不希望由外国势力所操纵。
I don't think American elections should be bankrolled by America's most powerful interests, or worse, by foreign entities.
像opensecrets.org这种网站，公布了一连串的数据表明美国公司、工业和利益集团花在游说和从事选举活动的费用。
Websites such as opensecrets. org publish a torrent of data showing how much American companies, industries and interest groups spend on lobbying and electioneering.
退伍士兵在美国是一个人数庞大的特殊的利益集团。
America veterans are a huge entity to attest the interests of the social economy.
这一点似乎让人们更愿意相信，美国科学院的报告是没有受到利益集团操纵的。
In this context, it seems unlikely that the NAS report was manipulated by any interest group.
这一点似乎让人们更愿意相信，美国科学院的报告是没有受到利益集团操纵的。
In this context, it seems unlikely that the NAS report was manipulated by any interest group.
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