公司治理机制可分为两类：一类是委托人的主动监督(激励)，一类是出资者的退出威胁。
The management mechanism of company can be classified into two parts: One is initiative supervision (prompting) of the client, another is the withdrawal menace of the investor.
由于信息不对称，委托人（病人）自始至终无法也没有激励机制去监督代理人（医生）行为。
Because of the asymmetric information problem, the principal (patient) is unable and without incentive to supervise the agent 's (doctor's) activities from begiming to end.
利用成本利益分析方法对委托人是否要雇佣监督者和是否要关心串谋作了分析和论证。
Then the theoretical proof about the principal′s hiring the supervisor and concerning the collusion is given by using the cost benefit approach.
对委托人而言，代理人的监督成本很高，激励是委托—代理关系是否有效的关键因素。
For the client, supervision cost of the agents is high, and incentive pay is the key factor for the validity of commission-agency relationship.
第六条律师事务所应当采取张贴、印制服务指南等方式，公示律师服务收费项目、收费标准和收费方式，接受委托人的监督。
Article 6 law firms shall publicize the charging items, charging standards and charging ways for lawyer's services by Posting, printing service guide, or other ways, and be supervised by the clients.
从委托人监督代理人经营者的角度，实行外派监事会和财务总监委派制是一种切实可行的监督机制。
Considering supervising agent principal's point of view, it is a feasible supervising mechanism that an accredited system of board of supervisors and an accredited system of CFO are put into practice.
在道德风险问题的委托代理关系中，委托人对代理人行动的监督与对自然状态的观测所起的效果是等价的。
In the principle-agent problem with moral hazard, the observation of the state of nature has the same effect with the monitoring of agent's action.
证券持有者还要雇用一个政券委托人监督这些条款的实施。
Bondholders also hire a bond trustee to oversee compliance with these covenants.
监事会可以提高监督动机和效率、避免委托人监督产生的道德风险和防止单层制董事会结构中董事会决策咨询功能和监督功能的冲突，以及减少大股东对经营者的过度干预和对小股东的剥夺。
If the management power is given to the board of directors, the supervision power should be given to another independent unit-the board of supervisors, so that it can restraint the management power.
监事会可以提高监督动机和效率、避免委托人监督产生的道德风险和防止单层制董事会结构中董事会决策咨询功能和监督功能的冲突，以及减少大股东对经营者的过度干预和对小股东的剥夺。
If the management power is given to the board of directors, the supervision power should be given to another independent unit-the board of supervisors, so that it can restraint the management power.
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