银行通过承担流动性的风险(需长期持有不容易卖出的抵押品)以及信用危机(还款承诺可能无法实现的危险)来获得利润。
Banks make their profits from bearing liquidity risk (holding on to long-term pledges that cannot easily be sold), as well as from credit risk (the danger that such promises may not be kept).
一些银行正不得不采用昂贵的“流动性互换”工具，以提供欧洲央行所要求的抵押品。
Some Banks are having to indulge in expensive "liquidity swaps" in order to get the right kind of collateral to offer the ECB.
中国人民银行表示，流动性支持的资金成本将与同期公开市场操作利率相同，无须提供任何抵押品。
The funding cost for the liquidity support will be about the same as the open market operations rate over the same period, the PBOC said, without specifying any requirement for collateral.
作为最后贷款人，它必须做得更多：扩大抵押品的范围，对银行提供更为长期的无限量流动性。
As the lender of last resort, it must do more to save the Banks by offering unlimited liquidity for longer duration against a broader range of collateral.
危机是由一个尖锐的抵押贷款相关违约引起的，它导致了丧失房屋的抵押品和最终导致流动性冻结出发的信贷紧缩。
The crisis was triggered by the a spike in mortgage related delinquencies leading to foreclosure of houses and ultimately a credit crunch leading to a freeze in liquidity.
大清算合成etf的交易对手风险较高的时期，可以强制出售抵押品，往往是流动性不足的资产。
Large liquidation of synthetic ETFs in periods of higher counterparty risk could force to sell the collateral, often illiquid assets.
中央银行，如美联储和欧洲央行已经提供无限制的流动性对抵押品。
Central Banks such as the Fed and the ECB already provide unlimited liquidity against collateral.
同样，房地产(土地和房屋)以及机器设备均可作为优良的抵押品，但是通常情况下他们用于长期贷款担保，而非流动资金贷款担保。
Similarly, real property (land and buildings) and equipment are good forms of collateral, but they are generally used as security for long-term loans rather than for working capital loans.
同样，房地产(土地和房屋)以及机器设备均可作为优良的抵押品，但是通常情况下他们用于长期贷款担保，而非流动资金贷款担保。
Similarly, real property (land and buildings) and equipment are good forms of collateral, but they are generally used as security for long-term loans rather than for working capital loans.
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