银行通过承担流动性的风险(需长期持有不容易卖出的抵押品)以及信用危机(还款承诺可能无法实现的危险)来获得利润。

Banks make their profits from bearing liquidity risk (holding on to long-term pledges that cannot easily be sold), as well as from credit risk (the danger that such promises may not be kept).

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一些银行正不得不采用昂贵的“流动性互换”工具，以提供欧洲央行所要求的抵押品。

Some Banks are having to indulge in expensive "liquidity swaps" in order to get the right kind of collateral to offer the ECB.

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中国人民银行表示，流动性支持的资金成本将与同期公开市场操作利率相同，无须提供任何抵押品。

The funding cost for the liquidity support will be about the same as the open market operations rate over the same period, the PBOC said, without specifying any requirement for collateral.

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