另一个原因是，无论是正式或非正式地，许多工作岗位都是孩子顶替父母得来的。
Another is that, whether formally or informally, many positions are handed from parent to child.
正如任何其他的项目和方法一样，必须正式（至少半正式）地定义流程和表示法。
Process and notation have to be formally (or at least semi-formally) defined, just like in any other project or design methodology. SOAD does not have to start from scratch.
这种正式约定使SOAP和XML的使用对客户端代码和服务器端代码透明，工具可以方便地从这种正式约定生成代码。
Tools can easily generate code from such a formal contract that makes the use of SOAP and XML transparent to the client and server-side code.
对于任何一个开发环境来说，方法都是开发人员遵守的(无论正式地还是非正式地)一个关键的组成要素。
A key element of any development environment is the method that is followed, whether formally or informally, by practitioners.
模式——在一些重点部分问题上做出正式或非正式的构架以为更好地去理解其中的关系。
Model — formal or informal frameworks for analysis that highlight some areas of the problem in order better to understand complex relationships.
学会清晰地写好，使人们能够阅读；二、学会做适度正式的讲演；三、也要学会做非正式的讲演。
You have to learn to write clearly and well so that people will read it, you must learn to give reasonably formal talks, and you also must learn to give informal talks.
它有机地将森林资源的非正式制度安排与正式制度安排结合在一起，结果使森林资源产权制度安排得到有效实施。
As a result, this "ready-to-be formal institutional arrangement" makes the property right institutional arrangement of the forest resources implemented effectively.
项目管理方法系可以是正式成熟的过程，也可以是帮助项目管理团队有效地制定项目章程的非正式技术。
A project management methodology can be either a formal mature process or an informal technique that aids a project management team in effectively developing a project charter.
这一错误不仅大量地出现在尚未正式出版的来稿中，而且广泛地存在于国内外已正式出版、涉及单晶密度的化学类学术现刊里。
Such a serious mistake not only can be found in manuscripts but also exists world-widely in the formal chemical-academic publications dealing with single crystal density.
这一错误不仅大量地出现在尚未正式出版的来稿中，而且广泛地存在于国内外已正式出版、涉及单晶密度的化学类学术现刊里。
Such a serious mistake not only can be found in manuscripts but also exists world-widely in the formal chemical-academic publications dealing with single crystal density.
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