第一种，直接回弹效应，这包括由于节油汽车运行成本低，车主更乐意频繁驾驶。
The first, direct effects, include people who drive more regularly because their fuel-efficient cars are cheaper to run.
回弹效应的首次提出是在19世纪，但之前很少有关于该效应影响程度的研究。
The rebound effect was first proposed in the 19th century but, until now, there has been very little research on how significant it might be.
回弹效应指个体行为或者系统针对缓和环境影响的政策所做出的反应，这种反应会抵消政策和技术的效用。
The rebound effect refers to a behavioral or other systemic response to a measure taken to reduce environmental impacts that offsets the effect of the measure.
他说：“我们对回弹效应新的理解，更突显了基于价格的措施——比如碳税及排放权交易——直接控制碳排放的有效性。”
Our new understanding of the rebound effect reinforces the case for price-based measures, such as carbon taxes and emissions trading, to control emissions directly.
回弹效应可能给整个社会带来直接的负面影响，有三种回弹效应，可以看出它们是如何在无意中反而增加能源使用的。
Rebound effects can cut right through society and the three types reflect how they could inadvertently increase energy use.
文中介绍了回弹效应理论的演化和回弹效应的分类，详细解释了直接回弹效应和间接回弹效应，并就回弹效应的研究方法进行了归类。
An introduction of the evolving theory and the classification of rebound effect is given. Then the direct and indirect rebound effects are investigated.
第三，在此基础上，利用理论模型及对回弹效应的估计结果，分析能源价格、能源替代弹性等因素对我国能源使用效率的影响，以及对能源消费量的影响。
Third, on this basis, we study the impact of energy elasticity of substitution and other factors on the efficiency of energy use and energy consumption in our country.
史蒂夫·索瑞尔（SteveSorrel）是一位为英国能源研究中心就“回弹效应”问题总结过报告的经济学家。他讲道，自那以后，很少人会去研究这种回弹效应究竟有多大。
Since then, says Steve Sorrel, an economist who produced a report about the rebound effect for Britain's Energy Research Centre, there has been little research into just how big the rebound effect is.
提出了深基坑回弹空间效应分析的三维有限元模型。
A three-dimensional finite element model considering spatial effect of foundation pit resilience is proposed in this paper.
提出了深基坑回弹空间效应分析的三维有限元模型。
A three-dimensional finite element model considering spatial effect of foundation pit resilience is proposed in this paper.
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