结论：总结了前后测量设计资料个体生长趋势的4种情况，提示我们在分析前后测量设计资料时个体自然生长问题不容忽视。
CONCLUSION: the 4 kinds of individual changing trends in pretest-posttest design show the problem of the individual change can't be ignored when we analyze the data of pretest-posttest design.
我们精心设计了团体心理咨询活动的过程，并在活动前后用五种量表对团体成员进行了测量。
We elaborately designed the programs of the group counseling activities and surveyed the participants before and after the activities by using five scales.
对患者的手术前后MMSE评分进行重复测量设计资料的方差分析，观察干预效果。
Observe intervention effect of the MMSE score of these patients before and after surgery by repeated measures analysis of variance.
使用S-H波前探测器测量了激光模块的三阶球差，设计了补偿系统对激光模块的球差进行了补偿，并对补偿前后的各阶像差进行了分析。
The S-H wavefront sensor is employed to measure the 3rd spherical aberration, and a compensator is designed to correct it.
使用S-H波前探测器测量了激光模块的三阶球差，设计了补偿系统对激光模块的球差进行了补偿，并对补偿前后的各阶像差进行了分析。
The S-H wavefront sensor is employed to measure the 3rd spherical aberration, and a compensator is designed to correct it.
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