生物学上的假设包括生态变化,这些变化是由昆虫和开花植物之间的共同进化,或海洋中以海底生物为食的捕食者的进化所带来的。
Biological hypotheses include ecological changes brought about by the evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans.
如果说生态系统是在维持的话,那么共同进化则是在学习。
保罗•埃尔利希认为共同进化推动两个竞争对手进入“强制合作。”
Paul Ehrlich sees coevolution pushing two competitors into "obligate cooperation."
另一方面,在这个共同进化的世界里,为何任何事物归根结底都是稳定的?
On the other hand, why, in this coevolutionary world, is anything at all stable?
蝴蝶和马利筋,犹如立足笔尖的铅笔,依靠共同进化的递归动态而立得笔直。
They are held together, poised upright like a pencil standing on its point, by the recursive dynamics of coevolution.
以握手和说话开始,面对面,回忆我们共同进化的历史,以及人类的重要性。
Begin by holding hands and talking, face to face, recalling our Shared evolutionary history, and the importance of human nature.
这种认为在人和驯养动物之间存在共同进化的观点并不是新鲜的。
The suggestion of a co-evolution between people and domesticated animals is not new.
布兰德在他那本名为《共同进化》的杂志里开始收集各种各样共同进化的故事。
In his magazine coevolution Brand began collecting stories of coevolutionary games. One of the most illustrative examples of alliance making in nature is the following.
这些实验得出了一个了不起的结果,令所有希望驾驭共同进化力量的人都为之瞩目。
One marvelous result from these experiments bears consideration by anyone hoping to manage coevolutionary forces.
同样,和在所有共同进化的案例中一样,它意味着正反馈和收益递增的法则。
And as in all cases of coevolution, it implies positive feedback and the law of increasing returns.
正因为它们不正常,洛夫·洛克才出于好奇去找出它们共同进化中累积的结果。
And they are out of whack, Lovelock was to find out, because of the curious accumulative effects of coevolution.
盖亚的大封闭圈里循环不断,是因为其中所有的小循环都在不断的共同进化沟通中互相交流。
The grand closure of Gaia keeps cycling because all its lesser cycles inform each other in constant coevolutionary communication.
当长时间与相同的伙伴一起玩这个游戏时,双方既是在博弈,又是在进行某种类型的共同进化。
Played over time with the same partners, the results are both a game and a type of coevolution.
Bonter说,至于鸟类这么做的原因,可能是鸟类和浆果植物之间的共同进化。
As for how the birds do it, it would appear to be something that hasevolved jointly between the berry plants and the birds, said Bonter.
当它们以其自身权衡对抗海量的其他同样权衡的生物时,就玩开了一场共同进化的博弈游戏。
When they play the tradeoff against a sea of other creatures making similar tradeoffs, it becomes a coevolutionary game.
当它们以其自身权衡对抗海量的其他同样权衡的生物时,就玩开了一场共同进化的博弈游戏。
When they play the tradeoff against a sea of other creatures making similar tradeoffs, it becomes a coevolutionary game.
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