抑制信用扩张效应的市场自发反应。
The Spontaneous Reaction of the Market against the Effects of Credit expansions.
灾难的根源：信用扩张
贷款利率的增加甚至超过信用扩张前的水平。
The increase in the loan rate of interest even exceeding pre-credit-expansion levels.
“担保促进信用扩张，”他在2007年7月说道，就在危机正式爆发之前。
"Collateral facilitates credit extension," he said in June 2007, just before the crisis began in earnest.
只有一些外围国家-如爱尔兰和西班牙，在实施过程中陷入大规模信用扩张。
Only some countries on the periphery, like Ireland and Spain, were immersed in considerable credit expansion from the time they initiated their processes of convergence.
然而，更多则源自人为的货币与信用扩张，其扩张率是同时期法国与德国的3倍。
Nevertheless, the boom was also largely fueled by an artificial expansion of money and credit, which grew at a rate nearly three times the corresponding rates in France and Germany.
信用扩张创造的新增货币被用来购买生产要素，并部署到远离消费的资本品工业中。
The money created through credit expansions is used by entrepreneurs to demand factors of production, which they employ mainly in capital-goods industries more distant from consumption.
伴随着不断扩大的信用扩张以及银行间的同业拆借利率，他看到双重衰退的风险正在增长。
He sees the risk of a double dip recession increasing, along with widening credit spreads and interbank lending rates.
换句话说，繁荣期的银行信用扩张促使企业家们行动起来，就像真实储蓄增加一样，但事实上储蓄没有增加。
In other words, bank-credit expansion during the boom period encourages entrepreneurs to act as if savings had increased when in fact this is not the case.
2005年，特里谢还在夸耀欧元区内债券收益连续增加，忽视了欧元区内各个经济体的不同，加快了信用扩张。
In 2005 Mr Trichet was boasting of the way that bond yields were moving in lock-step across the euro zone, ignoring the different prospects of its constituent economies and feeding the credit boom.
马克思早在一百多年前就涉及了信用理论，在前人基础上系统解释了信用扩张及信用危机的原因，并提出了自己的见解。
More than 100 years ago, Marx has researched on credit theory, he systematically explained the reasons for credit expansion and credit contraction based on previous, and put on his own views.
这样，新货币-或者应该说新的“虚拟”货币，因为它只实现在银行账本上的条目栏里，在这个人为的信用扩张过程中，被持续地创造出来。
So new money, or I should say new "virtual money" because it only "materializes" in bank-accounting-book entries, is constantly created through this process of artificial credit expansion.
为了阻止信用扩张的不断发酵，美联储妄图通过道德劝诫来说服市场，并试图将信贷扩张管束于“正当生意”（legitimate business）之中。
To stem the boom, the Fed attempted in vain to use moral suasion on the markets and restrain credit expansion only for “legitimate business.
长期的信贷扩张局面是否就此终结? —这个情况被马丁巴恩斯银行信用分析员称之为”超级债务循环”。
Has the long period of credit expansion—dubbed the “debt supercycle” by Martin Barnes of Bank Credit Analyst—come to an end?
以复苏重要的非银行资金源头，比如最基本的证券业，即使它在信用方面的急剧扩张导致风险的估价错误。
Reviving important non-bank funding sources, such as securitisation, is essential, even if its huge expansion in the credit boom led to the mispricing of risk.
英格兰银行已经开始了一项针对信用状况的调查并且正在研究如何分辨货币扩张的原因，即是由供给引起的还是由需求引起的。
The Bank of England has started a survey to monitor credit conditions and is researching how to tease out. whether monetary expansion is stemming from changes in supply or demand.
避免赤字的唯一办法，只能是事先预防私人信用和债务的扩张。
The only way to have avoided them would have been to prevent prior expansions of private credit and debt.
信用供给似乎无穷无尽，银行业可以随意扩张。
The supply of credit was seemingly inexhaustible, so Banks could fund their expansion at will.
反对派则认为信托公司是多年鲁莽放贷之后信用过度扩张的产物，两者最终都会在几年后危及中国经济。
The bears argue that trusts are an example of excessive credit in the aftermath of years of reckless lending, both of which will come back to haunt the Chinese economy over the next few years.
恰在两年前的那个时代，信用卡风暴正盛，过度使用，过度举债以及金融机构对扩张的不加控制，促成了危机。
Just two years ago the perfect storm of a decade of excess credit, excessive leverage and uncontrolled expansion by financial institutions precipitated the crisis.
由于担心其扩张过度，纳斯达克的信用评级近期已被下调。
Its credit rating has been cut recently because of concerns that it is overextended.
这轮事件的原因是由于公司债上的信用违约互换的扩张。
The cause of this turn of events is the proliferation of CDSs on the company’s debt.
由于信用的扩张和其他金融工具的使用，高盛的信誉遭到了严重的破坏。
Goldman's reputation is suddenly as toxic as the credit default swaps and other inexplicably exotic financial instruments it used to buy with glee.
导致AIG衰落的原因是其过度扩张的从事金融衍生品的单位：aig金融产品部。该部门不顾潜在的危险，大肆出售大量信用违约互换(译者注：信用违约互换是国外债券市场中最常见的信用衍生产品)。
The cause of its downfall was an overly-exuberant derivatives arm, AIG Financial Products, which sold piles of credit default swaps with nary a thought for their hidden risks.
所以我们看到了信用的扩张。
并提出短期内通过再贴现工具扩张低风险信贷渠道，重建社会信用关系；
The articles, hereby, point out that we should expand credit channel with low risks and rebuilt social credit relationship through rediscount methods in short term;
并提出短期内通过再贴现工具扩张低风险信贷渠道，重建社会信用关系；
The articles, hereby, point out that we should expand credit channel with low risks and rebuilt social credit relationship through rediscount methods in short term;
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