Union-negotiated pay settlements are falling even further, to an average of around 2%, according to Alastair Hatchett of Income Data Services.
Voters are also aware of his past votes for acts like Davis-Bacon, which requires taxpayers to pay union rates in government-funded contracts and disadvantages nonunion companies in right-to-work South Carolina.
Powerful public-sector union leaders condemned the pay freeze almost before the shadow chancellor was off the podium.
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She convinced a reluctant union to agree to a pay-for-performance system.
In the cases of both GM and Chrysler, the administration's Auto Task Force was not impressed that the companies haven't been able to modify their agreements with the UAW on compensation reductions, severance pay and a union-managed health care trust.
The powerful prison guards union, for example, bloats the budgets of state-run facilities, whereas companies like Corrections Corporation of America (CXW) and The Geo Group, Inc. (GEO) hold a pricing advantage by being able to pay guards non-union wages.
Moreover, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act allows religious objectors opposed to joining a union to direct all money they would normally pay in union dues or agency fees to a non-religious charity of their choice.
If base wage levels for workers cannot go up, says Yoji Tatsui, a director in the labour-policy co-ordination division at the Japanese Trade Union Confederation, then companies should at least try to bring pay for part-timers who do similar jobs closer to that of their full-time counterparts.
ECONOMIST: Deflation is transforming Japan's annual pay rituals
Last month it signed a union agreement delivering a four-day week and pay cuts.
They need an EU tax to solidify and pay for an EU-fiscal union.
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After incurring 401(k) plan losses, why do private workers have to dip into their tax-pockets to pay for fixed public union retirement benefits?
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Under a new labor contract, the UAW will take over a health-care trust fund to pay for union retirees' health care starting in 2010.
That is why unions across Japan reeled at the news in January that Toyota's trend-setting union had made the unprecedented move of giving up (very early in the game, too) pay-scale increases this year.
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At a question and answer session with Labour members on Wednesday, Mr Miliband was challenged over his support for public sector pay restraint - a stance criticised by union leaders.
According to European Union rules the airline must re-route the passenger and pay 150 euros for flights up to 3, 500km - 75 euros if the delay to the passenger is less than two hours.
Truman pressured mine owners into signing a contract in which they would pay for a union Welfare and Retirement Fund -- hospital, medical, and retirement plans -- all financed by a royalty assessed on the amount of coal extracted by union workers.
Winning an election to end union representation adds an average 10-15% to bosses' pay.
Who supports the people who pay the price of those extravagant public-union benefits?
The National Union of Students said the state should pay for higher education - but that high-earning graduates should pay more.
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Richard Gates, from Unite, said he "sympathised" with the council's "no-win situation" but it was union members who would pay with their jobs.
In a similar dispute over a below-inflation pay offer, Public and Commercial Services union (PCS) workers in five agencies and public bodies voted for strike action and work-to-rule.
At the convention of a big trade union, he promised a pay rise in January for all public-sector employees.
Instead, teachers attended union or administrative meetings, marked homework, or queued for pay-packets.
Bus workers in Devon and Cornwall are to take part in two days of strike action and a two-day overtime ban in a dispute over pay, a union says.
The long-term unemployed will have to accept jobs that pay less than union wages, or lose their benefits.
Lawmakers are also struggling to find a way to pay for a government-run health insurance program, which union leaders advocate.
Rail travellers in parts of northern England are facing disruption in the second of four 24-hour strikes by the Rail Maritime and Transport (RMT) Union over pay on Arriva Trains Northern.
The lecturers' union Natfhe is calling on its members to vote to reject the college employers' offer of a 3.7% pay rise - because it contains no "catch-up" on the pay gap with schoolteachers, which the union puts at more than 7%.
The union also says proposed changes to shift patterns would mean a reduction in take-home pay.
On Tuesday, Len McCluskey, leader of Unite - the UK's biggest union and Labour's largest donor - told the Guardian newspaper the shift on pay policy would lead to the party's "destruction".
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