Last year it demanded the scrapping of Turkish-language news bulletins on public radio and television.
In exchange, the Iraqi Kurds are squeezing the PKK. An Iraqi Kurdish satellite-television channel, Kurd Stat, even carries Turkish-language news broadcasts.
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Staffed by locals and Turks alike, the schools are patronised by the offspring of elites lured by Western standards of education (if not mandatory Turkish-language classes).
Four years ago, columnist Burak Bekdil wrote a satirical essay, published in the English-language Turkish Daily News, slamming Turkey's judicial system.
And many Kurdish villagers do not understand Turkish, the only language used in many warnings about bird flu.
As part of what was described as the "democratic opening, " the Turkish state established a Kurdish-language TV channel for the first time and eased bans on Kurdish language education in schools.
The Turks and their language progressively gained influence, however, and Turkish dynasties eventually became the rulers of Transoxania in 999.
All the foreign language guides were occupied, although the majority of visitors were Turkish.
He left with what the Turkish Foreign Minister called a "frank and friendly" message about intemperate language.
Behind-the-scenes lobbying by Turkish, American and European Union diplomats may have persuaded Mr Erdogan to tone down his language.
And after a long and arduous journey navigating a country they don't know, a language they don't speak and with meager funds, they made it to Ankara, the Turkish capital, where they are now waiting.
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In London he sold his Turkish goods for a sizable profit, rejected offers to resume his medical practice and made a living giving Italian-language lessons to the British gentry.
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