Indonesia's Manpower and Transmigration Minister Muhaimin Iskandar last year announced the country planned to stop sending domestic workers abroad from 2017.

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Most Madurese in West Kalimantan came to the province under the government's transmigration program, and make up 1%-2% of the population.

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Among many other compositions, he wrote the iconic opera Nixon in China and the Pulitzer Prize-winning piece On the Transmigration of Souls, which commemorated Sept. 11.

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Migrants from Java, they were dispersed as part of the Indonesian government's decades-old transmigration program, designed to ease Javanese population pressures by encouraging relocation to the outer islands.

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Transmigration was intended to help remedy this, but the introduction of Java's agricultural techniques into islands with markedly different agricultural traditions has increased their resentment of centralised rule.

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