The result, the theory goes, would be an end to the chronic inflammation that arthritis causes, and thus to the chronic pain.

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The glitch which causes me indigestion and thus to question the credibility of such optimism is the suspect methodology under which this appraisal took place.

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Employee directed grants: Directed grants are funds contributed by a corporation but with the guidance of its employees, thus empowering the workforce to help benefit the causes they care about.

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Thus, to say that college attendance itself causes a wage premium for graduates, one would have to demonstrate that the skills attained in college make an individual more productive than those who bypass college.

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Dr Duif rules out a third explanation, too: that cooling of the Earth's crust due to the eclipse shadow causes the ground to tilt slightly, and thus distorts the results.

ECONOMIST: Gravitational anomalies

The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism (the details of which remain unclear) which causes white cells to respond appropriately.

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This bacterium, which causes life-threatening distension of the gut in some people who have been treated with antibiotics and thus had their microbiomes disrupted, is a bane of hospitals.

ECONOMIST: Modern medicine