Like most subcontracting companies, Axis bills its employees out at a markup over what it pays employees.
And there is growing annoyance at what many see as the subcontracting of British justice to European courts.
Mr. Giri said the Bangladeshi factories that Shahi had used previously for subcontracting work not involving Benetton were busy.
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Subcontracting such things is just fine but only when the subcontractor is reliable.
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So Telefonica stopped subcontracting work to Sintel, which in turn last December sought to fire most of its 1, 800 staff.
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The contention in this argument is that Apple has been subcontracting so much to Samsung that Samsung has climbed this value chain.
Critics worry that compassionate conservatism involves subcontracting social welfare to nutty evangelicals.
Subcontracting is the way that many firms get round the labour laws.
The senior executive at Benetton disputed that, saying that Shahi was unable to fulfill an order and that Shahi suggested subcontracting to Bangladesh.
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Subcontracting numbers are not available yet for fiscal year 2002 because the numbers will not be submitted by the agencies until March 2003.
Wal-Mart said it stands by its zero-tolerance policy to automatically cut ties with suppliers that violate its safety standards or engage in unauthorized subcontracting.
"It's only once a PFI has been signed that small companies get any work and then its just like any other subcontracting job, " he adds.
Subcontracting work among small rural factories can be cheapest of all.
Concerns about subcontracting also are growing in countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand, as manufacturers look for ways to offset rising wages in those countries.
We know that a vibrant subcontracting community leads to more innovation and more jobs, as well as better products and services delivered to the U.S. government.
In the former category it looks at such measures as charitable donations as a percent of pretax earnings, or the percentage of subcontracting with women- or minority-owned businesses.
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The deadly apparel-plant fires in Bangladesh last year and last month's building collapse, which killed more than 800 people, revealed safety hazards, labor-rights violations and unauthorized subcontracting of Western brands' orders.
The deadly apparel-plant fires in Bangladesh last year and last month's building collapse, which killed more than 700 people, revealed safety hazards, labor-rights violations and unauthorized subcontracting of Western brands' orders.
But on Monday, after labor groups found Benetton-labeled clothing and production documents in the rubble, the company acknowledged a "one-time, subcontracting order that was completed several weeks ago, " a Benetton spokeswoman said.
"An American company that has been contracted by, say, US Aid to go and rebuild a school, will be responsible for subcontracting their own security, " a spokesman for the Foreign Office said.
Such subcontracting, and the increasing role of middlemen, have made it easier for retailers to lose track of which factories are producing their goods and, many critics say, to avoid taking responsibility for poor factory conditions.
There is a kind of manufacturing, often with high components of craft work, which needs to be in urban areas because it is networked, depends on contracting and subcontracting arrangements, and often needs direct contact with customers.
Among the job protections won was contract language that "strongly protects" union workers who have been displaced due to new technology and automation, and terms that restrict outsourcing or subcontracting of Longshoremen's Association jobs to non-union employers.
The proposed changes are in line with President Barack Obama's vows to make it tougher for U.S. companies to replace American workers with cheaper labor abroad, either by opening factories overseas or subcontracting their work to outsourcing companies.
Smith says that by subcontracting some of the work abroad--for example, the intake manifold in a car's air system--these contractors can add 20 points to that gross margin, and that's after paying Smith his fee of 5% to 7% of the foreign invoices.
The SBA has responsibility under section 15(g) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(g)) for overseeing the federal small business procurement goaling process, including the government-wide, cumulative 3 percent goal for participation by small businesses owned and controlled by service-disabled veterans in federal contracting and subcontracting.
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