Nurse Donna Lavai was one of the study subjects to benefit from the pacemaker.
She found this when she put study subjects on a vanilla-flavored drink low in saturated fat.
To determine stress levels, the researchers measured the levels of salivary cortisol, a stress hormone, in the study subjects.
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The study subjects also saw their cholesterol levels - another key heart risk indicator - more than halved on average.
Study subjects who aren't yet on treatment are being offered antiretroviral drugs.
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About 40 percent of the study subjects were born-again Christians, she notes.
Walton and his colleagues enlist the study subjects as experts to help "others" who may be similarly situated and going through a difficult time.
Study subjects who had less than seven hours of sleep were at greater risk than those who got eight hours of sleep a night.
The idea of writing for others versus themselves is important because it steers study subjects away from the sense that the belonging intervention is remedial.
Researchers rely on several tried-and-true techniques to bore study subjects.
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Findings show that few people study subjects or jobs that they associate with the opposite sex either at school or college or in the training and careers later in life.
After that, the study subjects were quarantined for six days and given cold-virus-containing nose drops at a dose about 125 times the amount that it takes to infect cells in a laboratory.
So far officials of the National Institutes of Health say they've seen no serious side effects in clinical trials and that study subjects who have been immunized have generated a good response.
Creswell was also involved in a 2009 study that showed just two 10-minute affirmation writing activities in the weeks leading up to a test were sufficient to relieve the study subjects' stress-related reaction to the examination.
Ginkgo is a top-selling herb and has been hailed by some as a memory-booster, but the new University of Pittsburgh study found it didn't help prevent Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia in more than 3, 000 elderly study subjects.
Eleven study subjects experienced a total of 23 serious adverse events, which included erosion of the conjunctiva (the clear covering of the eyeball), dehiscence (splitting open of a wound along the surgical suture), retinal detachment, inflammation, and hypotony (low intraocular pressure).
In addition, recruitment of study subjects can be easier in developing countries, where a trial subject may get more than a year's pay to participate or participation could be his or her sole means of being able to get treatment, the authors said.
With the overseas outsourcing of "traditional" jobs such as manufacturing, today's youth need to explore and study new subjects.
One Stanford study asked subjects to imagine that they were eating, and their secretions of gastric acid increased by 70%.
But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later.
In one study, subjects watched a 30-second clip of college teachers at the beginning of a term and rated them on characteristics such as accepting, active, competent, and confident.
Surprise: a 1999 study, where subjects participated this simulated scenario, showed that those who faced a fine were more likely to cheat, not less.
He set up the charity with the specific intention of getting children from disadvantaged backgrounds into universities to study the Stem subjects of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths.
Even when DMAA and caffeine were combined in one study and the subjects went on a 10km run, the researchers found no increase in heart rate during the run, compared to the runners given a placebo.
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They also recommend that students should study a wider range of subjects, following the example of Singapore where students who study arts or humanities must also take a maths or science subject.
A-levels, in that pupils will pick a handful of subjects to study in depth.
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Deciding which subjects to study at A-level after their first year of AS-levels allowed them to make "right choices for their future", he said.
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"Through the English Baccalaureate, we want to make sure all pupils have the chance to study the core academic subjects which universities and employers demand, " he said.
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Secondary education in the United States is unusual in that students typically have considerable latitude in selecting which subjects they study and at what level of difficulty.
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