Typical studies compile tons of historical data such as 800 spinoffs from the period 1990 to 2006.

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Charles Kindleberger has shown in his historical studies of financial crises.

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The IPCC relied on a combination of studies, some making determinations based on historical data, others basing their results on climate model output.

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Sonders counters some of Marcin's enthusiasm with historical studies showing that returns are substantially better for investors who buy stocks when earnings are at their trough, rather than after they have grown by double-digit rates for several years.

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