This is already having consequences in space, creating glitches in satellites that rely on the field to protect them from solar and other space radiation.
That works out well for space travel, given that older people have less time left in their lives for space radiation to potentially cause cancer, Kring said.
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There were many aspects of a real mission that could not be simulated in a Moscow suburb, of course - such as weightlessness and the dangers associated with space radiation.
Studies at the Gale Crater landing site have been on hold since the beginning of March after engineers discovered a problem with Curiosity's computer memory, possibly caused by space radiation.
Station managers would not wish to push it much higher because that would take it closer to known debris fields and more of the space radiation that can be harmful to the health of astronauts.
By interplanetary space, we are talking about an environment in which space radiation is much more intense than it is in LEO, because above Earth orbit is the geomagnetosphere, the Van Allen belts, which trap charged particle radiation coming from deep space.
Trash tiles could, for example, bolster the space radiation shielding around the astronauts' sleeping quarters or perhaps a small area in the spacecraft that would be built up to serve as a storm shelter to protect crews from solar flare effects, NASA officials said.
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That's a sizable chunk of an astronaut's career cap of 1, 000 millisieverts which many international space agencies use to limit the accumulated radiation dosage in space.
The background is that chips that go into space need to be radiation hardened.
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The tie-in is related to the height in the atmosphere from which clouds radiate infrared radiation to space.
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The AMS is a particle detector that will use radiation from space to help ascertain conditions at the beginning of the universe as well as providing more data about its composition.
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The satellite launched by Seoul is designed to analyze weather data, measure radiation in space, gauges distances on earth and test how effectively South Korean-made devices installed on the satellite operate in space.
Honeywell began the MRAM effort in 1984 at the urging of the Department of Defense, which needed memory for satellites and long-range missiles that could withstand radiation in space without the addition of heavy shielding.
The possibility that radiation exposure in space may give rise to health problems such as cancer has long been recognized.
They also conclude that greenhouse warming has partially been offset by the cooling effect of aerosols - tiny particles of dust thrown into the atmosphere that can reflect solar radiation back into space.
Where the ice vanishes entirely, the surface loses its usual highly reflective whiteness - which sends most solar radiation back into space - and is replaced by darker waters instead which absorb more heat.
The Sun's magnetic field and solar wind - mainly in the form of electrons and protons coming out of the Sun - protects the entire Solar System by acting as a sort of shield from cosmic rays (very energetic particles and radiation from outer space).
The animals are helping scientists understand the effects of weightlessness and high radiation levels experienced in space.
"The radiation environment in deep space is several hundred times what it is on Earth, and that's even inside a shielded spacecraft, " Zeitlin said.
For example, the bright snow- and ice-covered landscapes of Canada and Siberia during winter reflect most solar radiation straight back into space, keeping the surface cold.
The radiation just spread out into space - where it still is and can be detected as weak waves of radio frequency.
Well, incoming solar radiation is reflected back out into space as well by the same processes.
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The sunspot spawned what's called a coronal mass ejection, sending tons of radiation and highly energized particles into space.
This new photogenic moment, released Thursday, comes courtesy of the European Space Agency's Planck space telescope, which detects cosmic microwave background radiation -- the light left over from the Big Bang.
Other techniques aim to enhance marine cloud reflectivity by introducing sea salt aerosols in low clouds, mimic the effects of volcanic eruptions by injecting sulphate aerosols into the lower stratosphere, or place shields or deflectors in space to reduce the amount of incoming solar radiation.
Who is supposed to diagnose and cure the asymmetry problems (in space, time and energy bin distribution) in radiation drive and in hot electron generation and preheat?
That's when Inspector Gadget goes into action, traveling back and forth across the triple-braided tether at a snail-like .006 mph, all the while using its built-in camera to search for damage caused by radiation, micrometeoroids, and other nasty space stuff.
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Shielding that would completely block those rays would be "meters thick" and too heavy to be used aboard a spacecraft, said Eddie Semones, a radiation health expert at NASA's Johnson Space Flight Center.
Professor George Fraser, director of the Space Research Centre at Leicester University, was excited by the radiation research.
Most of it is, of course, radiated back into space. (It is the partial blocking of this radiation by gases such as carbon dioxide that causes the much-talked-of greenhouse effect.) Some of it, however, goes in the opposite direction, into the ground.
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