These are widely recognized as far less conducive to a first-strike than are short-time-of-flight ballistic missiles.
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The drawback of the short-time working scheme is that it prevents a broader economic restructuring.
The short-time arrangements mean that workers stay in employment and keep their skills fresh.
It makes a contribution to both the wages and training costs of staff already on short-time working.
Around 1.4m workers are on the short-time register, many of them in the depressed car and capital-goods industries.
In Germany, the accord between industry and government to keep short-time workers on the payrolls has had a similar effect.
Bosses said they had organised the short-time working to get past the recession and that it was still committed to the city.
At the time, that looked like good statecraft and in fairness to the Dayton accord, it was a clever mixture of short-time partition and long-term reconciliation.
But short-time schemes are expensive: in the first quarter of 2009 unit labour costs in industry rose by about 25%, thanks to subsidies paid to idled workers.
Programs in some states that allow workers whose hours have been cut to claim pro-rated UI benefits so-called short-time compensation or work sharing programs help to keep workers on the job.
Short-time fee-discount offers create a stampede in the door.
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In recent years, few solicitors' firms have avoided redundancies or moving staff to short-time working, while others have closed or merged, and Law Society of Scotland chief executive Lorna Jack warned the hard times were continuing.
Local institutions offered rates of over 50% a year for short-term time deposits.
For the very, very short-term time frame, we have upgraded gold and silver.
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Due to the brevity of the track lengths, On the Ground may have a short run-time, but it is packed with sincerity and raw talent.
"We consider the informal lending market the most likely short-term time bomb for the Chinese economy, " Dong Tao, Asia economist at Credit Suisse, said in a recent report.
And the penalty kill has been hurt by top defenseman Dan Girardi being on ice for seven goals, an average of one every five minutes of his short-handed time as opposed to one every 11 minutes last season.
Over time -- and quite a short time at that -- leaders will lose their motivation to attend annual meetings because there will be nothing much to discuss and all the ancillary benefits of the summits will be lost.
He added many of those were employed on part-time or short-term contacts.
Disability living allowance, however, is expected to remain separate, with the new system allowing carers to take part-time or short-term work without losing their benefits.
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In 2003, with the so-called Biagi law, Berlusconi introduced new kinds of part-time and short-term contracts for those coming into the job market while preserving the security and the privileges of those already employed.
John Paulson, the hedge fund manager who minted billions by shorting the mortgage market (apparently with the help of Goldman Sachs), was also big-time short on the broker-dealers as early as January 2007.
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Sergio Cofferati, head of Italy's biggest trade-union federation, is not dead set against part-time work and short-term contracts.
It thereby reduces the present disparity between short-term financial time horizons and long term real investment time horizons.
Deregulation to permit more part-time work and short-term contracts, and tax changes to reduce labour costs, have all made output more job-intensive.
So even if controls on capital outflows can buy time in a short-term panic, it is time bought at a high longer-term price.
It paves the way for scientists to get the answer in a relatively short time -- a few years instead of a few decades.
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These one-off projects, the one-time projects of short-term deficit spending have virtually no impact on what we really have to attend to: the long-term debt, the accumulated debt.
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