Levine and Coile note that in recent years the retirement effect caused by unemployment has been concentrated among less-educated groups.
Accounting measures should follow the movement of economic value, not cash, so that delaying pay packets until next year (or retirement) has no effect.
Despite these high-profile incidents, there are reports that Afweyne has not been directly involved in piracy since 2009, and so his retirement will have little effect on the current trajectory of piracy.
If you work from home for a traditional employer, your salary can stagnate as a result of a plateauing career, which can have an unpleasant ripple effect on your retirement.
She says she's concerned that a provision meant to boost retirement savings could have the opposite effect.
But Estonia cut its contribution to private-sector pensions, in effect reducing the future retirement income of today's workers, while Poland has been considering similar proposals.
The company characterized the departure Tuesday as a retirement, though retirements rarely go into effect immediately and without concrete succession plans.
There's an obscure battle raging in Washington that could have a big effect on how you invest for retirement.
In many European countries these have, in effect, been providing early-retirement benefits.
It turns out that the much ballyhooed 401(k) retirement plan fee disclosure rules that went into effect last year might not have reached many investors.
And even in America, where the effect will be less marked, the retirement of the baby-boomers (which has just started) means that companies will lose large numbers of experienced workers over a short period.
Many small business owners will shut down their retirement plans or reduce contributions for workers if this proposal takes effect, predicts Brian H.
Successful professionals do not see themselves as beneficiaries of government largesse, but the government in effect subsidises their big houses, expensive health care and retirement savings.
ECONOMIST: America��s government redistributes, but not well
The Centre for Retirement Research at Boston College found that if the proposed rules had been in effect in 2010, funding levels would have dropped from 77% to 57%.
Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allowed blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others.
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