Developed by the Association of Research Libraries, SPARC has become a catalyst for change.
Is an international alliance of academic and research libraries working to correct imbalances in the scholarly publishing system.
According to the Washington-based Association of Research Libraries, the average cost of an annual subscription to an academic journal shot up by 207% between 1986 and 1999.
Along with CCIA, the American Library Association, the Association of Research Libraries, Ebay, Redbox, Overstock.com and others have joined ORI in a collective effort to secure legislative protections for the first sale doctrine.
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Led by the University of Wales in Swansea and is funded by the Research Support Libraries Programme.
Here research equipment, libraries and utilities were damaged, but the university also turned adversity into solidarity.
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Meanwhile, SPARC--a worldwide alliance of research institutions, libraries and organizations that encourages competition--has started publishing rival journals.
Its pragmatic focus is to stimulate the emergence of new scholarly communication models that expand the dissemination of scholarly research and reduce financial pressures on libraries.
Before Cook bought an RV with Web capability, he and his wife would stop at libraries along the way for Internet access and research.
"It shortens research enormously, months of time you would normally spend in libraries, just trying to read books, " she said.
There is enough empirical research documenting the safety of nuclear power plants to fill several small libraries.
James Neal, who as head of Columbia University's libraries in New York is a big customer, gives Reed Elsevier top marks for creating user-friendly research products, but he also has a six-point gripe list with the company that includes price-gouging and concerns that scientific journals are increasingly being consolidated under one corporate banner.
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