On the other hand, the chain linking price deviation and correction in a national gold standard is longer.

FORBES: Private Currency Competition Is The Monetary Answer

Under a private system, the link between price deviation and correction is immediate and strong because supply is under the direct control of the currency issuers, who have the means through loan and trading operations to tightly clamp down on (or expand) the supply.

FORBES: Private Currency Competition Is The Monetary Answer

Other studies have found that to some extent it is possible to predict future house-price movements from information available now, namely past price increases and the deviation of prices from their long-run trend.

ECONOMIST: Why property markets suffer from bubble trouble

Implied volatility on Baidu.com shares is likewise elevated, currently at 53%, against the 39% annual deviation in annual share price.

FORBES: Is Target A Takeover Target?

First, at least 33 percent by volume of the sales to an allegedly targeted group must be at prices that are less than one standard deviation below the average price to all other groups.

FORBES: Protectionist Antidumping Regime is a Pox on America's Glass House

One standard deviation is defined as the price band a security trades in 68% of the time.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Implied volatility on the shares has remained elevated at 54.3%, against 36.8% historic deviation on the underlying share price.

FORBES: Options Traders, BlackBerry Bulls

In the chart below, the potential for profit can be identified when the price ratio hits its first or second deviation.

FORBES: The Secret To Finding Profit In Pairs Trading

Implied volatility on Target options also surged--options traders anticipating a 31.5% deviation in share prices, a level head and shoulders above Target's actual historical share-price variability of just 21.2%.

FORBES: Magazine Article