However, the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of these programmes has been undermined by a lack of adequate resources, an acute shortage of trained manpower, a severe lack of educational and other instructional materials, a shortage of learning spaces and insufficient motivation for teachers and literacy facilitators due to poor working conditions.

UNESCO: Integrated Intergenerational Literacy Project (IILP)

ATG's chief executive, emphasises the importance of hands-on learning for motivation.

ECONOMIST: Britain tries again to remedy low skills in the workforce

The aim was to raise standards by improving student motivation by promoting personal ownership of learning, offering a wide range of subjects, allowing students to decide how much time they wanted to commit to particular subjects and giving them the opportunity for some specialisation.

BBC: Streamed classes 'demotivate'

Done well, the competition could be just the national motivation the digital-learning movement has needed to see large-scale adoption of high-quality blended-learning programs.

FORBES: Why the Latest Race to the Top Competition Matters