For many employees covered by them, net replacement rates will be adequate.

ECONOMIST: Ageing and public finances

Britain's Pensions Commission has used a net replacement rate of 80% for workers on average incomes as a rough guide to whether they will have enough to live on in retirement.

ECONOMIST: Ageing and public finances

Still, because the current level is far below the level of 2.07 required to prevent population replacement, the result is net decline.

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Having established plenty of momentum, Torres eased his way past Dean Leacock before curling a shot past Bywater's replacement Price into the corner of the net.

BBC: CHOOSE A SPORT

His replacement Michael Owen's off-target header rebounded into the net off the body of hapless center-back Zat Knight in just the fifth minute, and summer signing Antonio Valencia scored his first goal for the club just after half an hour.

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Ipswich's keeper handled the ball outside his penalty area following a hopeful punt forward and three minutes later replacement keeper Arran Lee-Barrett was picking the ball out of his net.

BBC: Sport - Leeds 3-1 Ipswich