For many employees covered by them, net replacement rates will be adequate.

ECONOMIST: Ageing and public finances

Britain's Pensions Commission has used a net replacement rate of 80% for workers on average incomes as a rough guide to whether they will have enough to live on in retirement.

ECONOMIST: Ageing and public finances

Still, because the current level is far below the level of 2.07 required to prevent population replacement, the result is net decline.

FORBES: Japan's Demographic and Cultural Destiny