Since 1994, provinces and lower-tier governments have not been permitted to issue bonds or borrow from banks.
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This will accelerate as the foreign companies boost their presence in lower-tier cities where budget buying is more prevalent.
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The company said virtually all of the 5, 750 remaining jobs would be new hires at a yet-undisclosed lower-tier wage.
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That introduces the possibility of expanding to lower-tier cities without significant incremental cost.
On the flip side, we are seeing some lower-tier, heavily-shorted, beaten-up stocks lifting.
Going to a lower-tier school is a stigma in certain corporate law circles.
However, if you buy the lower-tier companies, there's going to be so much potential dilution, some at well over 100%.
Here the news is that it ultimately doesn't matter whether you go to an elite university or a lower-tier outfit.
In other words, lower-tier smartphones are not just for the emerging markets.
And as the 1990s have seen ferocious competition between financial companies to lend to lower-tier borrowers, virtually anyone can get a credit card.
The top-ranked schools sent graduates into long-term legal jobs in high numbers, but 87 lower-tier schools had placement rates of 50% or less.
Becoming a chair umpire at top events takes years of officiating lower-tier matches, attending seminars, passing written tests and undergoing evaluation after evaluation--plus some luck.
Taking this approach to clusters, a company could identify a large "anchor" city surrounded by lower-tier cities that it could serve cost-effectively with the existing infrastructure.
Replacement refs, which have been culled from lower-tier college leagues (and maybe even the Lingerie League), went through their first series of preseason games this past weekend.
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" He declared that "a robust, sea-based, lower-tier theater ballistic missile defense capability, found in the Navy Area Missile Defense Program, is critical to reducing operational risk to the warfighter.
At the same time, smartphone penetration has risen and as tends to be the case in most consumer electronic markets, incremental share gains will have to come from mid-and lower-tier price points.
Population flows aren't so cyclical, and public works nearly always follow. (And these, too, need refurbishment.) James Kitzmiller, chief executive of the aggregates side, loves what he calls the fishhook--lower-tier states from California to the Carolinas, and up through an industrial middle by way of Kentucky.
At the launch event New York this morning, the company unveiled the Lumia 920, which includes a 4.5-inch display, a 1.5 GHz dual-core processor, wireless charging, new camera technology and enhanced location services, as well as the lower-tier Lumia 820, a 4.3-inch model model that features exchangeable outer shells.
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While many are pointing the finger toward the number of lower-tier Google (GOOG) Android-powered devices from the likes of Samsung, LG, HTC, and others hitting the market as the culprit, the data shows that a number of markets have high smartphone penetration levels, particularly in the U.S. and Western Europe.
This would bring to six the number of Aegis platforms in Japan's inventory, giving it a considerable infrastructure to provide for an early and potentially highly effective anti-missile defense of the Home Islands by equipping these ships with both the lower-tier Standard Missile (SM) 2 Block IVA missile and upper-tier SM3 Block II missile as they become available.
In effect, young Italians are finding themselves trapped in the lower tier of a two-tier labour market that was created in 2003, when Silvio Berlusconi's government first allowed employers to offer short-term contracts with few of the benefits or guarantees of permanent employees.
ECONOMIST: The government tries one more time, but it will be hard
"Foreign workers complement the resident workforce in certain sectors, such as the construction and marine sectors, by taking on lower-skilled jobs that support higher-tier professional jobs held by Singaporeans, " the Ministry of Manpower's National Population and Talent Division said in a report.
BBC: Singapore: Economic slowdown opens foreign labour debate
Students with lower class rankings or from second-tier schools who once would have made the cut "wouldn't have a prayer of getting in now, " Mr. Dantzler says.
"We will further expand our store network with an emphasis on second- and third-tier cities that have lower operating costs and higher gross margin to maximize profitability, " Trinity Chairman Victor Fung said in response to e-mailed questions.
Shahar Maor, an information-technology analyst at Israeli market research firm STKI, estimated that compared with large companies associated with defense or critical infrastructure, lower tier Israeli companies hire one-fifth as many information-security employees relative to computer users.
Apart from the high input cost environment, margins have been adversely affected by disproportionate growth in developing markets and mid-tier products, which have lower than segment average selling prices (ASPs) and lower demand for premium-priced products leading to an adverse product mix and a downward pressure on margins.
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Given the incentives of these two-tier subsidies, employers with large numbers of lower-wage workers like Wal-Mart may well convert them into "contractors" or do more outsourcing.
Many auditors were fired over rising Sarbanes-Oxley fees and some companies switched from Big 4 to next tier, some multiple times, chasing lower fees and an auditor that would go easier on them.
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