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Most observers think the lower-tier markets will be saturated within five years.

多数观察人士认为，二、三线城市市场将在5年内达到饱和。

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In fact, some firms do not know who is supplying their suppliers-or even where some of their lower-tier suppliers are based.

事实上，有些公司并不清楚谁在为自己的供应商提供服务-或者甚至连自己的底层供应商的总部在哪里也不知道。

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Since 1994, provinces and lower-tier governments have not been permitted to issue bonds or borrow from banks.

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This will accelerate as the foreign companies boost their presence in lower-tier cities where budget buying is more prevalent.

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The company said virtually all of the 5, 750 remaining jobs would be new hires at a yet-undisclosed lower-tier wage.

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