But even as money is lost, epistemological profit is gained, distilled through the learning effects of direct experience.

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Learning to understand the psychological effects of the disease on families is also important, according to Ali.

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Furthermore, there should be massive network effects in digital learning, where the more people use a platform, the better and more useful that platform will become.

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Not only are these games boring, they also seem to ignore the plethora of studies that have shown that over reliance on extrinsic motivations in learning can have negative long-term effects.

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Dr Miller has conducted studies on the effects of brain-training games on learning.

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Access to stimulating activities appeared to block the harmful effects of oligomers on the cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory, called long-term potentiation (LTP), researchers said.

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Most importantly, they also indicate the capacity of ECE programmes to mitigate the distressing effects that socially disadvantaged environments have on child development and learning.

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The senior researcher at the University of East Anglia's School of Education and Lifelong Learning interviewed a number of authors, artists and scientists in her exploration of the effects of boredom.

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Gum has been studied for its beneficial effects on memory, alertness, anxiety reduction, appetite suppression, mood and learning.

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The knock-on effects mean that now, aged nine, she has a complex range of medical needs and profound learning difficulties.

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