To minimize the chances of harming the fetus, doctors avoid medications known to cause birth defects and those too new to be declared safe during pregnancy.
Fumonisin also interferes with the cellular uptake of folic acid, a vitamin that is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in developing fetuses.
The work has revealed hundreds of new genes and over 30 medical disorders are now known to be influenced by the chromosome, including heart defects, cancers and schizophrenia.
They use a multimillion-dollar machine known as the Meisterbock gauge that laser-scans the entire surface of the vehicle for defects as small as a few millimeters.