Other NPEs, however, strategically assert valid patents against actual infringers, often in collaboration with independent inventors.
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Then it wants to license those innovations to the world (and pursue infringers with razor-fanged determination).
Last year, in a case involving eBay, the court granted patent infringers more wiggle room against injunctions.
These smaller firms invest in buying patents with the sole purpose of seeking out and suing infringers.
These institutions should be just as concerned when the infringers of human rights are locally dominant religious establishments.
Web service providers cannot turn a blind eye to specific infringement violations, but need not actively seek out infringers.
Copyright infringement is a serious matter that violates U.S. copyright law and subjects infringers to criminal and civil liability.
Some companies aggressively pursue trademark infringers to the point of seeming petty themselves.
Suspected persistent copyright infringers will receive six warnings, after which their internet access may be limited but not cut off.
The main plan is to send letters to alleged copyright infringers but these will not begin going out until 2014.
Undergirding the process is taking the large percentage of casual infringers and educating them about where they can find legal content.
Businesses need a robust system that protects intellectual property and punishes infringers.
They usually don't, but rather file suit hoping accused infringers will settle to avoid the high cost of fighting the case in court.
Not one of the foreign companies doing business in Vietnam has taken advantage of this law to prosecute infringers of their trademark rights.
Such claims have become a staple of patent litigation, where patent owners are frequently accused of fraud when they try to enforce claims against infringers.
London, by contrast, has some of the least-patent friendly courts in the world, where alleged patent infringers won 86% of the time between 2006 and 2009.
Last year, in a case involving eBay (nasdaq: EBAY - news - people ), the court granted patent infringers more wiggle room against injunctions.
But IV soon morphed into a multipronged, first-of-its-kind firm: It buys and licenses patents, sues infringers, acts as a venture capitalist for inventors and does in-house scientific research.
Penalties, said the officials, include possible injunctions against infringers.
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And as firms spend more on research and development, file more patents and license their intellectual property to others, so too are they increasingly resorting to the courts to chase down infringers.
The Content ID process, in fact, is specifically intended to give copyright holders options other than either ignoring or cracking down hard on uploaders who may be loyal fans as well as infringers.
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Numerous generics firms also are looking to produce cheaper copycat versions of Epogen, although Amgen says its U.S. patents last until 2015 and that it will defend itself in court against any would-be infringers.
Not only might the patentee inadvertently destroy his own patent, but his very act of making these kinds of statements could itself become a source of future litigation as accused infringers look for any misstatement.
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The right to pursue the owner or registrant of a domain name used to access an Internet site dedicated to infringing activities is also an excellent deterrent and will provide the means to bring action against such infringers or their allies.
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