Four of the genetic substitutions were in hemagglutinin, a protein on the surface of H5N1 that helps it to enter host cells.
WSJ: Scientists Craft Bird Flu Type That Can Be Transmitted Through Air
Langer envisions a time in the future when tissue banks are full of hearts, lungs, livers and pancreases, all grown on polymer scaffolds from stem, donor or host cells.
Dr Venter's was the real McCoy: when he put the viral DNA into host cells they started to spit out new viruses just as self-destructively as cells infected with the natural Phi-X174.
They are, in effect, internal viruses unable to leave a cell because they lack the protein coats that allow real viruses to survive in the outside world and attach themselves to new host cells, but contributing nothing to the welfare of the cells they inhabit.
ECONOMIST: The first complete DNA sequence of an animal is now in the bag
The T-cells from those who have been exposed automatically recognise the disease in their new host and kill PTLD cells loaded with the virus.
Sentinel node biopsy works on the principle that a few of the underarm nodes are first in line to host the spreading cancer cells.
The cockroach part was doable, but keeping cells alive outside of a host was something no one had succeeded at for too long.
One is a protective sheath that keeps cells alive for months outside a host body, nourished by a layer of fat.
Professor David Warhurst, of the Public Health Laboratory Service malaria reference laboratory, said it was true that fast-dividing cells were more susceptible to a host of chemical agents.
Cells are harvested from a stem or donor, or ideally the host, and placed on the scaffold.
These incentives help drive down costs for developers who install fuel cells and ensure that developers can provide attractive, stable power rates to their fuel cell host customers.
The host cell has no idea that its genetic code (which it generally needs to produce new, healthy cells) has been hijacked, for a long time at least, until the code has been copied and read to reproduce the virus many, many times by the host cell.
FORBES: Progress in Drug Therapy Marks the 25th Anniversary of World AIDS Day
应用推荐