Markets for bonds, shares and currencies all took the minutes as a sign of growing hawkishness.

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Hawkishness was his motif as a newspaper columnist: he is the most successful scribbler-turned-politician since Nigel Lawson, a former chancellor.

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Irving's hawkishness, or of liberal reluctance to prosecute an all-out war?

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Mr Giuliani's hawkishness could be a vital factor in his struggle to win over Republicans who think him too soft on social issues such as abortion.

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The accusation that Israeli hawkishness turns young diaspora Jews off their Judaism and their Jewishness has been trenchantly advanced by Peter Beinart, a journalist in Washington, DC.

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With the increase in the European Central Bank's key interest rate to 4.0% from 3.75% a foregone conclusion, investors were far more attentive to the degree of hawkishness in comments by Jean-Claude Trichet, the ECB president.

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The sudden swing to hawkishness, which emerged in speeches delivered since the January meeting, helped push the domestic yield curve up and bond prices down as markets started to price in higher rates in the future.

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But boosting the Medicare reserves also appeals to Mr Gramm's fiscal hawkishness, for it might stave off a tax hike early in the next century, when the programme's costs will rise as the number of retired people grows.

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