In fact, most of the highly precautionary laws and regulations currently on the books include some form of risk assessment that error on the side of caution, building in a host of safety factors that substantially overestimate exposure to justify regulatory actions that may not be necessary.

FORBES: Regulators' Anti-Chemical Smear Campaigns Will Breed An Unsafe World

Medicine, which is mainly the act of mending such processes, was until recently a glorious form of trial-and-error, augmented by a web of probabilistic models that output the creation of treatments.

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Cipriani arrived in the Scottish capital in arguably the worst form of his fledgling career, having been dropped by England after error-strewn displays in the opening two November Tests.

BBC: Edinburgh 16-25 Wasps