In fact, most of the highly precautionary laws and regulations currently on the books include some formof risk assessment that error on the side of caution, building in a host of safety factors that substantially overestimate exposure to justify regulatory actions that may not be necessary.
Medicine, which is mainly the act of mending such processes, was until recently a glorious formof trial-and-error, augmented by a web of probabilistic models that output the creation of treatments.
Cipriani arrived in the Scottish capital in arguably the worst formof his fledgling career, having been dropped by England after error-strewn displays in the opening two November Tests.