The European Union's dataprotectiondirective, the most sweeping recent attempt, gives individuals unprecedented control over information about themselves.
The investigations were overseen by the Article 29 Working Party, a group of representatives from each member state tasked with promoting the application of the EU's DataProtectionDirective.
In Europe, where the flagship DataProtectionDirective came into effect in 1995, before firms such as Google and Facebook were even founded, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies.