New Black Cats boss Ricky Sbragia recalled Chopra when he replaced Keane to reassess his options.
The Black Cats have an 11-point gap between themselves and the bottom three in the Premier League.
Matthew Etherington was sent off for the visitors for kicking out at Black Cats defender Danny Collins.
The 25-year-old midfielder played just twice after joining the Black Cats on a three-year contract last summer.
Nosworthy, 29, can play at centre-back and right-back and has been with the Black Cats since 2005.
And the Black Cats boss is ruing the timing of Darren Bent's departure to Aston Villa this week.
Kilgallon, 26, joined the Black Cats from the Blades in January, but has since made only seven appearances.
But the gods showed the Black Cats another ray of light when Rosicky inexplicably blazed over the bar.
Black Cats players and fans appealed vociferously for a penalty but were turned down by referee Rob Styles.
The Black Cats will have the option to make the deal permanent at the end of the season.
The Black Cats fell behind to a Dirk Kuyt first-half penalty after John Mensah had fouled Jay Spearing.
Black Cats keeper Simon Mignolet was at fault for the opening goal, spilling a high cross from Craig Westcarr.
BBC: Simon Mignolet fails to deal with Craig Westcarr's cross
The Black Cats got off to the perfect start when Fraizer Campbell side-footed them ahead after just 41 seconds.
Nedum Onuoha, Danny Welbeck and Asamoah Gyan were all injured in the Black Cats' 2-0 home defeat by Blackpool.
The Tractor Boys have also signed Black Cats forward Daryl Murphy on loan for the rest of the season.
In the meantime, the Black Cats will continue their preparations in Belgium with a game against Antwerp tomorrow night.
Kyle, who began his career at Sunderland, made nine of his Scotland appearances as a Black Cats player between 2002-04.
The struggling Black Cats were left to rue their inability to make their hosts pay for a shockingly lacklustre start.
Gyan said he was pleased to have joined the Black Cats and praised the fans for their "never say die" attitude.
And he believes it will take time for the Black Cats to break into the established ranks of the Premier League.
Kenwyne Jones headed in late on for the Black Cats, who stayed up after rivals Newcastle lost 1-0 at Aston Villa.
But it would have been harsh on an effective Black Cats defensive display and the teams entered the break on level terms.
Last year, Sunderland agreed a deal with not-for-profit group Invest in Africa to become the official shirt sponsor of the Black Cats.
The Black Cats were ahead as early as the fifth minute courtesy of a neat finish from Darren Bent from six yards.
Mensah will now compete for a place in the Black Cats' rearguard with Anton Ferdinand, Danny Collins, Nyron Nosworthy and Paulo Da Silva.
That followed Keane's resignation from Sunderland five months earlier, where he led the Black Cats from the Championship relegation zone to the Premier League.
City were not creating much themselves but some decent crosses from the left boot of Martin Petrov kept Black Cats keeper Craig Gordon awake.
That certainly did not impress Bruce, although the Black Cats manager had to be told what had happened because of a long-standing superstition not to watch penalties.
Pulis revealed on Sunday that Sunderland had made a bid for the 31-year-old Jamaican, despite the Black Cats rejecting claims they had made a move.
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