Instead of remaining concentrated at the surface, dispersed oil pollutes the entire water column.
This allowed natural gas to migrate up the hole and explode at the surface.
Bathtub conditions at the surface of the Atlantic Ocean gave him his answer.
Unlike satellites, which are able to record temperatures across the globe, measurements taken at the surface are unevenly distributed.
Because of abundant solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface, organic molecules might not be preserved as well as clay minerals.
The birds are right at the surface, get covered in the oil and swallow it, causing liver and kidney problems.
Regolith is a fine powder formed by a constant rain of small meteorites that breaks up the rocks at the surface.
In order to have liquid water at the surface, the atmosphere of Mars had to be considerably thicker than it is today.
It quickly became obvious, however, that there was more oil accumulating at the surface than would be possible at that flow rate.
Such differences at the surface are often tell-tales of what lies beneath.
The exclusion of Joe Cole was mystifying, as was his desperately late introduction - and that just scratched at the surface of his failings.
In an active drowning, a swimmer is at or below eye level at the surface of the water for about 10 to 20 seconds.
The dome will resemble an inverted funnel, with a pipe leading up to ships waiting at the surface that would take away the oil.
For Gatorade, Carter said the ingredient is used as an "emulsifier, " meaning it distributes flavoring evenly so that it doesn't collect at the surface.
Its efforts to reform the pensions system and the health service only scrape at the surface of the problems they are designed to solve.
And data collected at the surface, whether land or sea, seem to tell a different story from those taken at altitude by weather balloons.
The report came after a Cuadrilla site in Lancashire had to stop test fracking in 2011 after two small earthquakes were felt at the surface.
About half of the route is across permafrost, which poses particular challenges because of the danger of subsidence caused by melting at the surface in summer.
Obviously at 400 feet it's really quite dark but at the surface it starts off being very very light, even without a mask I can tell that.
Gliders, moreover, give a continuous view of what is going on, rather than the series of snapshots yielded by equipment lowered from a vessel at the surface.
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Yet while these candidates may have a catchy new name, the Mama Grizzly moniker and campaign is, at the surface, built around the most traditional of female roles: mother.
In the study released Wednesday, researchers suggest extracting the natural gas hydrates with "depressurization" -- a method that involves changing the ice into gas and water at the surface.
Before they can make much progress in confirming that suggestion, climatologists need a stream of reliable data on worldwide temperature trends, both at the surface and in the atmosphere.
"What we thought we saw was a very militaristic landscape, very sparsely populated and all we saw was what survived at the surface, " said Dr David Woolliscroft from Liverpool University.
He has argued that many of the large asteroids out there could have reached a stage of partial melting - even ones that at the surface appear to be unchanged.
Drilling a few centimetres inside a rock provides a fresh sample that is free from the alteration that can occur at the surface as a result of weathering or radiation damage.
Her evidence is that many of these layers contain animal burrows that seem to start at the surface of the layer, suggesting that the layer in question had been buried subsequently.
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In the early days of oil and gas exploration, geologists would largely rely upon topology at the surface of the earth to interpret the location of oil and gas accumulations in the subsurface.
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His electrical currents, by contrast, would be detectable by magnetometers at the surface as well as by satellites watching the ionosphere if they do indeed exist in the ground as well as the lab.
The risks of a spill are lower because the target is primarily gas, and the shallow water depth (approx. 100 ft) allows the blowout preventer to be located on the rig at the surface.
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