美国对斑马鱼的最新研究确认，再生的关键细胞途径似乎是通过开关某种基因而激活再生。
The new US study of zebrafish has identified a key cellular pathway that appears to trigger regeneration by switching on certain genes.
与抗体途径不同，细胞途径的免疫反应通常不会阻止你得病，但能够制止严重症状的产生。
Unlike antibodies, cell-mediated immunity doesn't usually stop you getting ill, but it does prevent severe disease.
运用实验方法区别共质体和跨细胞途径很难，对质外体和细胞到细胞途径综合作用的水分运输也缺乏有效的研究手段加以区分。
Symplast pathway and transcelluar pathway is difficultly distinguished by Experiment methods, and have no valid ways to make distinction between apoplast and cell to cell pathway.
一个降低了的温度逆转了这一进程，但是怎样回到原始状态取决于那个途径在哪里形成，所以又取决于细胞内部的历史。
A lowered temperature reverses that process, but how the initial state is regained depends on where the pathways were formed, and therefore on the cell's internal history.
不过，与激光疗法(利用生化途径在脂肪细胞中形成小孔)不同，它们能产生机械力量分解这些细胞。
But unlike the laser treatments, which exploit biochemical pathways to create pores in the fat cell, they generate mechanical forces that rupture these cells.
当外部温度提高时，凝胶成分开始分解而且变得不那么粘性，创造了一个溶胶可以流动并且加快细胞移动速度的新途径。
When the external temperature rises, the gel component starts to break down and become less viscous, creating new pathways through which the sol can flow and speeding up the cell's movement.
基因影响行为的一个途径就是通过神经递质，这类化学物质可以在神经细胞之间传递信息。
One way genes affect behaviour is through the agency of neurotransmitters, the chemicals that carry messages between nerve cells.
队伍使用分子标志物发现二甲胺四环素非常选择性的阻断T细胞激活的特定专门的信息传导途径。
The team used molecular markers to discover that minocycline very selectively interrupts certain specific signaling pathways critical for T cell activation.
以前曾在实验室里观察到过线粒体在通过不同遗传途径形成的细胞间转移，但在自然界中观察到该现象还是第一次。
Mitochondrial transfer between genetically distinct cells has previously been observed in the laboratory, but this is the first time it has been demonstrated to occur in nature.
这个途径叫TOR，涉及细胞对营养物质的应答。
Called TOR, this pathway is involved in a cell's response to nutrients.
对于其支持者来说，在发电厂的废气排放管道上种植单细胞藻类是再循环的根本途径。
FOR its supporters, the idea of growing single-celled algae on exhaust gas piped from power stations is the ultimate in recycling.
这将有助于我们更好地了解病变细胞与正常细胞的区别，从而加强我们对各种疾病途径的整体认识。
This will help us better understand how a diseased cell differs from a normal cell, which will enhance our entire understanding of the pathways of various diseases.
为了模拟视网膜发育的早期阶段，研究人员需要构建出浓度梯度差异极其细微的溶液来培养细胞以使它们向不同的途径分化。
To mimic early stage retinal development, the researchers needed to build microscopic gradients for solutions in which to bathe the stem cells to initiate specific differentiation paths.
如果能找到类似的方法来控制患者肿瘤细胞，或许，他们就开启了癌症治疗的新途径。
If they can find a similar way to control the cells' fate in patients' tumours, they may have opened a new avenue for cancer therapy.
李敏表示，自吞噬是清除细胞内异常蛋白质的唯一途径。
According to Li, autophagy is the only known process that gets rid of abnormal proteins within cells.
糖可以使人病得比你想象中重很多，病毒，酵母，霉菌和癌细胞喜爱糖并以此为生，故糖还有许多你意想不到的致病途径。
Sugar sickens much more so than you might think; viruses, yeast fungi and cancer cells love sugar and feed on it.
研究组考虑到两个途径，如果上述过程进展顺利，将见证达尔文主义的自然选择力改变原细胞行为。
The team sees two ways, if the above steps work, to witness selective, Darwinian pressure alter protocell behavior.
印第安纳州普渡大学（Purdue University）的南希.何（Nancy Ho）已经研制出一种途径，使得酵母细胞能够发酵那些经分解植物纤维素而得的糖，而天然的酵母是不能发酵这些纤维素的。
Nancy Ho, of Purdue University, in Indiana, has already worked out a way to enable yeast cells to ferment the sugars produced by breaking down cellulose—which natural yeast cannot do.
如果有一条可以不毁灭胚胎而提取干细胞的途径，我就不会反对。
If there was a way of extracting the stem cells without destroying them, I would not be opposed to it.
如今有了干细胞技术，也就有了两条途径可选。
Now with stem cell technology there are two pathways that are imaginable.
一些现有药物可以阻碍干细胞的生化途径，因此可以选用这些药物来攻击肿瘤。
Some existing drugs which are known to interfere with stem cells' biochemical pathways could be used to attack them selectively.
与红细胞不同的是，吞噬细胞一直在血液中循环，并以血液循环作为进入组织的快速途径。
Unlike the RBC, which remain circulating in the blood, the phagocytes use this compartment as a pathway to the tissues.
相反，真菌、寄生虫和病毒细胞与人类细胞有许多共同的途径和结构，所以研究人员必须面对的是较少的作用靶位，还有对患者带来的较高中毒风险问题。
In contrast, fungi, parasites, and viruses share many pathways and structures with human cells, so researchers must contend with fewer target sites of action and greater risks of patient toxicity.
红细胞的主要代谢途径是糖酵解，而大多数物种的主要能量来源是葡萄糖。
The principal metabolic pathway of RBC is glycolysis, and the main energy source in most species is glucose.
新的病原体进入机体后，机体一般需要一个月的时间才能产生相应的抗体，因此首先由免疫细胞——B淋巴细胞通过共同途径对病原体进行攻击。
It takes a month for the body to make antibodies to a newly encountered pathogen, so a bunch of immune-system cells called B lymphocytes first fire back in a general way.
这种结合可以控制细胞的生长和生存传导途径。
采用大多数给药途径给药(静脉注射除外)的药物在进入体循环之前必须通过数层半渗透性细胞膜。
When given by most routes (excluding iv), a drug must traverse several semipermeable cell membranes before reaching the systemic circulation.
这一突变触发加速癌症性细胞生长信号途径。
The mutations trigger a signalling pathway that accelerates cancerous cell growth.
为此，他在酵母细胞(yeast cells)内建立代谢途径，从而可以将这种酵母细胞合成为一种叫做青蒿酸(artemisinic acid)的化学成分，而化学家们可以很容易地将这种青蒿酸转化为青蒿素。
For this, he has built a metabolic pathway in yeast cells that synthesises a chemical called artemisinic acid which chemists can easily convert into artemisinin.
为此，他在酵母细胞(yeast cells)内建立代谢途径，从而可以将这种酵母细胞合成为一种叫做青蒿酸(artemisinic acid)的化学成分，而化学家们可以很容易地将这种青蒿酸转化为青蒿素。
For this, he has built a metabolic pathway in yeast cells that synthesises a chemical called artemisinic acid which chemists can easily convert into artemisinin.
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