美国对斑马鱼的最新研究确认，再生的关键细胞途径似乎是通过开关某种基因而激活再生。

The new US study of zebrafish has identified a key cellular pathway that appears to trigger regeneration by switching on certain genes.

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与抗体途径不同，细胞途径的免疫反应通常不会阻止你得病，但能够制止严重症状的产生。

Unlike antibodies, cell-mediated immunity doesn't usually stop you getting ill, but it does prevent severe disease.

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运用实验方法区别共质体和跨细胞途径很难，对质外体和细胞到细胞途径综合作用的水分运输也缺乏有效的研究手段加以区分。

Symplast pathway and transcelluar pathway is difficultly distinguished by Experiment methods, and have no valid ways to make distinction between apoplast and cell to cell pathway.

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The most basic control is by controlling when transcription happens.

最基本的途径,是调控细胞转录

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Now, you'll hear reports in the literature, you'll look in the newspaper, you'll hear about scientists that have found ways to trans-differentiate cells, that is move them from one pathway to the other.

如今,你通过听文献讲座,看报纸,会听说科学家们已经发现了,转分化细胞的方法,即把这些细胞从一种分化途径转到另一种

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So the access that a cell has to certain kinds of genes, or chemical modifications of DNA, not chemical modifications that change the base pairs, that would be a mutation.

因此细胞变化的途径应该是对某些基因,或者DNA进行化学修饰,不是更改碱基对,更改碱基对就是突变了

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