通过外基因标记（epigenetic marks）作用于基因，环境等后天因素比如饮食，压力，孕期营养，就会影响下一代。
It is through epigenetic marks that environmental factors like diet, stress and prenatal nutrition can make an imprint on genes that is passed from one generation to the next.
但同细胞核转基因一样，叶绿体转基因也存在抗生素标记的生物安全性和外源基因的过量表达对植物正常生长发育的影响的问题。
But the same as nuclear transformation, plastid transformation also has the problems of bio-safety of antibiotic markers and development obstacles due to the overexpression of foreign gene.
结果表明，外源基因转化球孢白僵菌原生质体时，可以以抗除草剂基因为转化筛选标记。
The results indicated that herbicide resistant gene should be used as a selection marker gene in protoplast genetic transformation of B. bassiana.
PCR分子检测与转化的标记基因和外源目的基因抗性三者极有规律性。
The results of PCR molecular detection, marker genes and foreign target-gene with insect-resistance were quite regular.
综述外源DNA直接导入技术、转基因技术和分子标记辅助筛选的亚麻分子育种理论和研究概况；
The theory and current molecular breeding practice in flax was summarized, including direct introduction exogenous DNA(DIED), transgenic technology and molecular maker assisted selection.
2对黑、褐近等基因系除了目标区段外，还分别在第11、12染色体检测到了多态性标记，近等性较差。
However, for the two pairs of NILs different in Pp, the polymorphic markers for the two parents were detected as well as in nontarget segments of chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively.
近等基因系间除花瓣存在差异外，其它主要农艺性状基本一致，NIL - PL 0 2和NIL - APL0 2具有浅紫色叶片和茎秆标记。
The agronomic traits between the NILs were identical except the difference in petal, the NIL-PL02 and NIL-APL02 had the character of light purple leaf and stem.
近等基因系间除花瓣存在差异外，其它主要农艺性状基本一致，NIL - PL 0 2和NIL - APL0 2具有浅紫色叶片和茎秆标记。
The agronomic traits between the NILs were identical except the difference in petal, the NIL-PL02 and NIL-APL02 had the character of light purple leaf and stem.
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