具有市场势力的发电公司可以采取限制产量、抬高电价的策略。
A price changer will bid according to the strategy of restricting output and forcing up price.
安哥拉原油出口增加。在产量减少的国家中,原因多为因故停产和炼厂进行维护,而不是因为主动限制产量。
Angolan exports rose. In countries where output has fallen, the drop was the result of outages and maintenance rather than voluntary restraint.
产量限制协定。一项关于限制产量的协定是非法的。因为它削减了产品和服务的供应量,这就不可避免地引发了价格上涨。
Agreements to restrict output. An agreement to restrict production or output is illegal because reducing the supply of a product or service inevitably drives up its price.
It's illegal to sign an agreement, to sign a contract saying you're going to restrict quantities.
签订这样限制产量的协议,属于违法行为
Sure enough what you see very quickly emerging is new entrants entering the market to say, hey these firms are restricting their quantities, we can get in there and make money.
不久你就会发现有大量的新兴公司,进入了这个领域,他们发现先入公司在限制产量,就也进入行业来赚钱了
So, for example, in around 1900 in America or a little bit earlier, let's say 1880 in America, it really isn't clear that it was illegal to write agreements to say we'll restrict quantities.
比如1900年甚至更早的美国,假如是1880年的美国吧,在当时这种限制产量的合同是否违法,在司法上没有明确的界定
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